Following from Steffen Kaiser's response, RFC5230 explains the conditions necessary for the Sieve Vacation extension to trigger a response.
This says:

"Vacation" MUST NOT respond to a message unless the recipient user's
email address is in a "To", "Cc", "Bcc", "Resent-To", "Resent-Cc", or
"Resent-Bcc" line of the original message.


So your scenario 4 happens when the sender is only in the envelope, and not in the headers.

For example: this transaction will get a response because the mailbox address is in the To: header

ehlo there.com
mail from: <d...@there.com>
rcpt to: <u...@domain.tld> << envelope recipient, mailsystem routes with this information
data
To: "Some User" <u...@domain.tld> << header recipient must be correlated for Sieve Vacation to send a response
From: "Dude" <d...@there.com>
Subject: message

Hi there
.

This transaction will not get a response, and will trigger the "discarding vacation response for message implicitly delivered to <u...@domain.tld> " log:

ehlo there.com
mail from: <d...@there.com>
rcpt to: <u...@domain.tld>
data
Subject: message

Hi there
.


Cheers,

-Martin Foster


Le 12-Feb-10 21:00, dovecot-requ...@dovecot.org a écrit :
Message: 9
Date: Fri, 12 Feb 2010 09:18:23 +0100
From: Lampa<lamp...@gmail.com>
Subject: [Dovecot] sieve vacation
To: Dovecot Mailing List<dovecot@dovecot.org>
Message-ID:
        <9aef75b11002120018v69f185b5hb0a9e0f7dad1e...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

Hello,

scenario:

OK 1. created vacation script (see below)
OK 2. send message fromu...@anotherdomain.tld  tou...@domain.tld  =>
got auto vacation response (2010-02-11T19:42:13)
OK 3. send message fromu...@anotherdomain.tld  tou...@domain.tld  =>
no response (is ok because ":days 1" settings) (2010-02-11T19:47:46)
BAD 4. send message fromanotheru...@anotherdomain.tld  to
u...@domain.tld  =>  no response (2010-02-11T19:48:04)


Why is discarding vacation response for message implicitly delivered
to<u...@domain.tld>  ?

log:
2010-02-11T19:42:13.669321+01:00 hermes dovecot:
deliver(u...@domain.tld): sieve:
msgid=<052a01caab49$ec4752e0$c4d5f8...@tld>: sent vacation response to
<u...@anotherdomain.tld>
2010-02-11T19:42:13.732541+01:00 hermes dovecot:
deliver(u...@domain.tld): sieve:
msgid=<052a01caab49$ec4752e0$c4d5f8...@tld>: stored mail into mailbox
'INBOX'
2010-02-11T19:47:46.271534+01:00 hermes dovecot:
deliver(u...@domain.tld): sieve:
msgid=<053201caab4a$b295ece0$17c1c6...@tld>: discarded duplicate
vacation response to<u...@anotherdomain.tld>
2010-02-11T19:47:46.275891+01:00 hermes dovecot:
deliver(u...@domain.tld): sieve:
msgid=<053201caab4a$b295ece0$17c1c6...@tld>: stored mail into mailbox
'INBOX'
2010-02-11T19:48:04.958622+01:00 hermes dovecot:
deliver(u...@domain.tld): sieve:
msgid=<053701caab4a$bda90220$38fb06...@tld>: discarding vacation
response for message implicitly delivered to<u...@domain.tld>
2010-02-11T19:48:04.965875+01:00 hermes dovecot:
deliver(u...@domain.tld): sieve:
msgid=<053701caab4a$bda90220$38fb06...@tld>: stored mail into mailbox
'INBOX'

vacation script:
-----------
require "vacation";

vacation
:days 1
:subject "Auto reply"

"auto reply message";
--------------

Thank you
-- Lampa ------------------------------

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