Hi Timo
   No, I don't have mailbox_list_index_very_dirty_syncs=yes, using default no
   value.
   I can no longer reproduce this problem since having upgraded from 2.4.3 to
   2.4.4, no single "Error: Failed to rename mailbox '...' for NFC
   normalization" error since then.
   Previously, on Dovecot 2.4.3, the Errors also popped up on regular
   umlauts, even after renaming those characters to regular umlauts to make
   sure those were not represented as NFD. But on Dovecot 2.4.4 all good,
   without any further workarounds needed.
   May this be related to this changelog entry?
   - lib-storage: Auto-rename non-NFC subscription file entries to NFC on
   read.
   Kind regards,
   Philip

     On 16 May 2026, at 13:53, Timo Sirainen via dovecot
     <[email protected]> wrote:
     Do you have mailbox_list_index_very_dirty_syncs=yes? If yes, does the
     problem go away if you run: doveadm -o
     mailbox_list_index_very_dirty_syncs=no mailbox list -u $user

     Alternatively, try doveadm force-resync -u $user '*'

     Yet another possibility to try rm dovecot.list.index*

     Also, there is this patch that possibly helps:

     diff --git a/src/lib-storage/mail-storage.c
     b/src/lib-storage/mail-storage.c
     index a4363fc73c..b42053bc1a 100644
     --- a/src/lib-storage/mail-storage.c
     +++ b/src/lib-storage/mail-storage.c
     @@ -1557,11 +1557,7 @@ int mailbox_rename_nfc_forced(struct mailbox_list
     *list, const char *vname_raw,

             ret = mailbox_rename(box_old, box_new);
             if (ret < 0 &&
     -           mailbox_get_last_mail_error(box_old) == MAIL_ERROR_NOTFOUND)
     {
     -               /* ignore */
     -               ret = 0;
     -       } else if (ret < 0 &&
     -                  mailbox_get_last_mail_error(box_old) ==
     MAIL_ERROR_EXISTS) {
     +           mailbox_get_last_mail_error(box_old) == MAIL_ERROR_EXISTS) {
                     /* generate a new unique name */
                     guid_128_t guid;
                     guid_128_generate(guid);
     @@ -1572,6 +1568,16 @@ int mailbox_rename_nfc_forced(struct mailbox_list
     *list, const char *vname_raw,
                     box_new = mailbox_alloc(list, *vname_new_r, 0);
                     ret = mailbox_rename(box_old, box_new);
             }
     +       if (ret < 0 &&
     +           mailbox_get_last_mail_error(box_old) == MAIL_ERROR_NOTFOUND)
     {
     +               /* Source doesn't exist on disk anymore (e.g. backing
     store
     +                  already renamed externally while the list index still
     has
     +                  the old non-NFC entry). Treat as no-op rather than
     fail
     +                  the iteration: return the plain NFC name so the
     caller
     +                  doesn't expose the unique-suffix fallback name. */
     +               *vname_new_r = vname_nfc;
     +               ret = 0;
     +       }
             if (ret < 0)
                     *error_r = mailbox_get_last_error(box_old, NULL);
             mailbox_free(&box_old);

       On 12. May 2026, at 15.43, Philip Iezzi via dovecot
       <[email protected]> wrote:

       Thanks Jan for reporting this. I also experience this Bug since having
       upgraded Dovecot 2.4.2 -> 2.4.3 on 2026-03-27, leading to such errors
       in mail.log:

       Error: Failed to rename mailbox 'INBOX/Zuerich' for NFC normalization:
       Mailbox doesn't exist: INBOX/Zuerich

       - Zuerich (in above log line) uses a decomposed sequence: a plain u
       (U+0075) followed by a combining diaeresis (U+0308), which the
       renderer stacks on top.
       - Zuerich (which we usually type) uses a precomposed character: ue is
       a single code point, U+00FC (LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS).

       Such errors lead to broken folder structure - the user is no longer
       able to list the whole folder structure (except INBOX) and on mail
       clients like Roundcube, all folders appear as no longer subscribed.
       Renaming the "ue" to "ue" fixes the problem. But I have a bunch of
       other customers which use such characters and in previous Dovecot
       versions <= 2.4.2 this was never a problem.

       Is there any known issue / will this be addressed in the next minor
       version?

       Kind regards,
       Philip

         On 5 May 2026, at 16:04, Jan Muennich via dovecot
         <[email protected]> wrote:

         Following up on my own thread in case anyone hits the same issue:

         The failed NFC rename in 2.4 left behind a duplicate mailbox with a
         32-hex GUID suffix, but only for mailboxes that had subfolders. So
         for every affected name we ended up with two entries:

         Antraege
         Antraege-e078d427706eda694b210000a386c91b

         The original kept its (broken) name with no message access, and the
         GUID-suffixed sibling held the actual mail. Both showed up as real
         folders in IMAP clients.

         I figured out from the source code that the failed rename hits a
         fallback path that creates the GUID-suffixed sibling, but not what
         triggers the failure in the first place. I also found a hidden
         option there that is not listed in documentation, which works as a
         workaround to stop new occurrences:
         'mailbox_list_normalize_names_to_nfc = no'.

         Fix for already-affected mailboxes: for each one, create a temporary
         ASCII-named replacement at the same hierarchy level, move the
         subfolders into it, move messages from the GUID-suffixed mailbox
         into it, delete the GUID-suffixed mailbox (the broken original then
         disappears), and rename the replacement back to the original name.
         The final rename runs through the regular code path (without NFC
         normalisation) and works fine.

         Kind regards,
         Jan

           On 11 Apr 2026, at 17:25, Jan Muennich via dovecot
           <[email protected]> wrote:

           Hi,

           We just upgraded from 2.3 to 2.4.3 and are now getting errors like
           this for any mailbox with German umlauts in the name:

           "Error: Failed to rename mailbox 'Antraege' for NFC normalization:
           Mailbox doesn't exist: Antraege"

           The mailboxes work fine otherwise, doveadm mailbox status shows
           them with correct message counts. The errors show up on IMAP
           access but don't seem to break anything.

           We're using mdbox. On disk the directory is stored as mUTF-7:

           Antr&AOQ-ge

           doveadm mailbox list gives back the name with c3 a4 for the ae,
           which is already NFC. We double-checked with python3 unicodedata
           and it confirms the name is NFC. So it seems like dovecot is
           trying to rename something that doesn't need renaming, and then
           failing.

           Is there a way to turn off this automatic rename? Or is this a
           known issue with mdbox and mUTF-7 directory names?

           Any help would be appreciated to find out if this is a bug or a
           configuration issue on our side!

           Thanks,
           Jan

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