Base loading is the LEAST efficient method of loading for the low bands (HF2V, HF6V are examples on 160 and 80M) TOP loading is the MOST efficient (MFJ 1792? 80 / 40 is a GOOD vertical). Gladiator TL verticals were also good but no longer manufactured. T-top wire verticals or wire / tubing are VERY GOOD with 30 or more radials. GAP verticals use a capacitance transformed through a lossy transmission line to form a SERIES inductance at the feedpoint on the lowest designed band resulting in reduced performance on the lowest band. Tom N4KG ________________________________________________________________ GET INTERNET ACCESS FROM JUNO! Juno offers FREE or PREMIUM Internet access for less! Join Juno today! For your FREE software, visit: http://dl.www.juno.com/get/tagj. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Subscribe/unsubscribe, feedback, FAQ, problems http://njdxa.org/dx-news To post a message, DX NEWS items only, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Archives available at http://www.mail-archive.com/dx-news%40pro-usa.net/ This is the DXR reflector sponsored by the NJDXA http://njdxa.org