Dear Colton:
As you may have noticed, my background is different from Mary's. I am
more interested in how the bioregionalisms are inpremented into application.
But, I am also interested in philosophical aspect of bioregionalism.
Here are references :
Stephen Frenkel 1994. Old theories in new places? Environmental determinism
and bioregionalism. Professional Geographer 289-295
D. Alexander 1990. Bioregionalism: Science or sensibility. Environmental
Ethics 12 161-173.
Interestingly, no ecologist, policymaker, economist, and sociologist use the
term bioregionalism. For example, in management, people use "ecosystem managem
ent", ecologists use "landscape ecology, (small unit of landscape is called
bioregion)", Development people use, sustainable development, sustainable
agriculture, sustainable society, landscape, economy, etc. Economists started
to dig the subject from "ecological economics, steady state economy", Philosoph
y digs the subject from environmental ethics, land ethics (Leopord).
Anyway, everbody is seeking so called "A harmonious coexistence between natur
e and human culture and socisety" from their own desciplines. And at the same
time, the gap between each discipline is getting closer and also wider. I keep
trying to observe and discuss from whole picture surrounding the subject.
Toshihide Hamazaki
>From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mon Jul 10 09:44:11 1995
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 1995 08:47:21 -0700 (PDT)
From: Palamar Colette <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: ecofeminism newsgroup <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: ecofeminist views on wolf reintroduction
Hello! I have been a lurker for quite a while, and am enjoying the
discussion on bioregionalism. Not to change the subject, but how do you
believe ecofeminism (ecofeminists) would respond to the wolf reintroductions
that recently took place in Yellowstone National Park and in Central Idaho? I
have been contemplating this issue for some time, now and am wondering
what other ecofeminists feel, think, etc about it!
In case you aren't familiar with the course of events, I will try to
provide a synopsis in a few sentences. Since the early 1900's, wolves
have been extripated from nearly all of the lower 48 states in USA. With
the passing of the Endangered Species Act, government was required to act
in a way that preserves, and attempts to restore wolf popualtions (it is
an endangered species). After much conflict, the reintroduction project was
finally approved, and about 10 wolves were arially tranquilized in Canada,
radiocollared and released in the US.
I guess my question really amounts to: do ecofeminists support this sort
of endeavor? If so, why? If not, why not? If not, what would they
reccommend instead?
My general feeling about the issue is that it is a positive thing to have
wolves be part of the Pacific Northwest ecosystem again, but I question
whether this is not just another example of humans trying to dominate and
control nature. Is aattempting to regulate nature appropriate in some
cases? WHAT DO YOU THINK?????
In the interest of brevity, thats all for now! If you have feelings on
this subject, please continue the discussion!
Colette Palamar
grad student
University of Idaho
Departments of Philosophy and Environmental Science
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mon Jul 10 10:27:34 1995
by VAXF.COLORADO.EDU (PMDF V5.0-3 #8140)
10 Jul 1995 10:22:24 -0600 (MDT)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 1995 12:01:41 -0400 (EDT)
From: Toshihide Hamazaki <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: ecofeminist views on wolf reintroduction
In-reply-to: "10 Jul 1995 08:47:21 -0700 from" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> (PDT)
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Colette:
Re-introduction of wolves have been highly debated. But as far as I am
concerned I am hifhly for the re-introduction. The reasons are following.
1: Wolves have been a part of great Yeallowstone ecosystem. The presence of
wolves is necessary to maintain the ecosystem what used to be and what supposed
to be.
2: Of course it should have been better if we could have re-introduced the nati
ve population back to the Yellowstone, but we have already termined them long
time ago. So, re-introduction of canadian wolves are better than nothing becau
se the canadian wolves are highly close to native ones.
3: I agree with your concern that re-introduction is considered to be an anothe
r human attempt to dominate and control nature. But, I think many ecologists
thinks totally different way. Aldo Leopord regretted that he exterminated
wolves only to find subsequent dear population explosion and collapse of the
population due to starvation. (This is the classic example of balance of natur
e by other species in the ecosystem). If human really dominates nature, then
human can replace ecosystem function of wolves artificially (e.g., by hunting,
or whatever). But REality is that human can not find the perfect alternative
means to exterminate wolves while maintaining the ecosystem function intact.
Therefore, re-introduction of wolves is a clear signal from scientists and
forest managers that human can not maintain ecosystem at his/her own will.
In fact, ecologists have not been able to figure out the role of predators in
maintenance of herbivore population and ecosystem...
Toshihide Hamazaki
>From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mon Jul 10 12:16:00 1995
via Charon-4.0A-VROOM with IPX id 100.950710132213.384;
From: "Jackie Van Brocklin" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Organization: UTA Libraries
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Karen Schmelzkopf), [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 1995 13:22:10 CST
Subject: Re: re. Breast Cancer info
Karen - if no one has answered your inquiry yet, the breast cancer
info was regarding a current article in the weekly (?) grocery-
store magazine: "For Women Only" of July 3, 1995. Hurry, and you
still may be able to find a copy of this. Your local public library
may also have it.
Jackie
>From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mon Jul 10 12:32:01 1995
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 1995 11:35:12 -0700 (PDT)
From: Palamar Colette <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: ecofeminist views on wolf reintroduction
In-Reply-To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Toshihide,
Thanks for your reply... I also tend to support the re-introduction on
the basis of ecosystem stability. However, I am not sure that it was
correct to remove the wolves from an established pack in Canada (thereby
disrupting their social system), and locking them in cages (which must be
tortuous for a wild wolf). Some native popualtions have begun to
recolonize Montana without human interference. I am not sure that the
reintroduction was necessary, or that it was a fair tradeoff to harm the
lives of a few wolves for the benefit of the species. It seems that
perhaps another option would have been to increase control over human
behavior in areas where wolves can and are recolonizing, while also
paying attention to the concerns of ranchers and livestock owners
regarding wolf predation.
At the same time, I really see the importance
(both ecologically and symbolically) of wolf restoration. The Yellowstone
ecosystem can in no way be complete without
the presence of the top predator. We decimated the wolf popualtion, so in a
way we are responsible for repairing it. Perhaps it was ok to interfere
for the benfefit of the ecosystem and the canis lupus species.
Symbolically, it seems that the societal support of wolf reintroduction
indicates a growing understanding that humans cannot exist independantly
of nature, that we are all a part, and that other creatures deserve a
right to exist with us in nature.
But I am unsure of whether or not the ecofeminist philosophy would endorse the
actions. I can see both sides of the argument...Help!!
Also, you mentioned that this topic has been highly debated. If you know
of any books, articles, etc that address wolf reintroduction in terms of
ecofeminism, I would be grateful for the citations! If anyone else knows
of any resources, please tell me!!!
Colette Palamar
graduate student
departments of environmental science and philosophy
University of Idaho
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>From [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mon Jul 10 17:10:12 1995
id <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; Tue, 11 Jul 1995 09:15:05 +1200
; 11 Jul 95 09:10:40 +1200
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 1995 09:10:18 +1200
From: "STEFANIE S. RIXECKER" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Stop Nuclear testing NOW/Fwd
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Organization: Lincoln University
Dear ECOFEMers,
Without a doubt, the French government's decision to resume nuclear
testing =IS= an issue for ECOFEM. Here's an opportunity to commit
theory to practice! [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
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>
> 1 SHIMIZU Seishi Physics,University of Tokyo,Japan
> 2 Yuichi Nishihara Physics,University of Tokyo,Japan
> 3 Hirohisa TANIGUCHI Physics,University of Tokyo,Japan
> 4 Takashi Tomoeda Physics,University of Tokyo,Japan
> 5 Tomoki KOBAYASHI Physics,University of Tokyo,Japan
> 6 Munehito ARAI Physics,University of Tokyo,Japan
> 7 Akira Okazaki Physics,University of Tokyo,Japan
> 8 Atsushi Matsumura Physics, Tohoku University, Japan
> 9 Kouta Yamamoto Chemistry,Tohoku University,Japan
> 10 Yasushi UJIOKA Degremont S.A., France
> 11 Toru Hara Universite de Paris Sud, France
> 12 Rene Bakker CEA - Sacley, France
> 13 David Garzella Universite de Paris Sud, France
> 14 Henk Blok Vrije Universiteit/NIKHEF, Amsterdam
> 15 Igor Passchier NIKHEF, Amsterdam
> 16 Ard van Sighem NIKHEF, Amsterdam
> 17 Johan Noordhoek KOL Leiden
> 18 C.M.C.M. van Woerkens Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden
> 19 Annemarie Borst, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
> 20 Gijs Nelemans Universiteit Utrecht
> 21 Susanne Buiter Universiteit Utrecht
> 22 Yvo Kok Paleomagnetic Lab., Utrecht
> 23 Thom Pick Paleomagnetic Lab., Utrecht University
> 24 Dagmar Olbertz Universiteit Utrecht
> 25 Eleonore Stutzmann Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France
> 26 Nicole Girardin Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France
> 27 Francois Girardin Ecole Nat. Sup. des Telecommunications,France
> 28 Axel Manthey Comnets RWTHJ Aachen, Germany
> 29 Frank Brockners LfBS RWTH Aachen, Germany
> 30 Marcus Dormanns LfBS RWTH Aachen, Germany
> 31 Roger Butenuth Uni (GH) Paderborn, Germany
> 32 Markus Mock University of Washington, Seattle, USA
33 Jillian-Beth Stamos-Kaschke FU Berlin, Germany
34 Stefanie S. Rixecker Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
> ************
>
> Dear Sirs,
>
> This is a chain letter to urge the french
> government to stop nuclear tests.
> If you agree with us, please add your name to the list above,
> and send copies to your freinds.
> We will add up the lists that had come back to us, and send it
> to the French Government.
>
> If you happen to be the hundredth,two hundredth, three hundredth,
> and so on, on the list, please send a copy of the mail back to the
> addresses below, so that we can keep track of this project. If you have
> any comment please send mails to us. And also,
> if you are multi-lingual and have friends who may not understand
> English, please translate this message and add it to the end of the mail.
> Thank you very much.
>
>
> ******* addresses of the organizers
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] <- please use this adress
> *******
