I really enjoy hearing what you all have to say regarding wolf 
reintroduction. I agree with both Ronnie and Karla, although their views 
seem somewhat contradictory. My most essential difficulty with the wolf 
reintroduction is the fact that they were forcably removed from their 
homes, their lives and packs disrupted. It is an extension of the logic 
of domination. Although we have done a wrong in exterminating the wolves 
from the lower 48, it seems that reintroduction is another example of the 
human domination over nature idea, except this time we are trying to make 
things better, rather than trying to tear the ecosystem apart and do away 
with what dosen't seem necessary. I realize that natural wolf 
recolonization may take a long time, but then why hurry? What is really 
the goal of reintroduction? If the ecosystem is about to collapse due to 
the absence of wolves, then I can understand. However, I don't believe 
that is the case. It seems that humans have (for some reason) switched 
the way they feel about wolves, started to like them, and gone on a 
crusade to reestablish their cute, furry selves into certain ecosystems. 
(This evident change in perception of wolves is in itself interesting to 
ecofeminism because it suggests that humans are beginning to bridge the 
gap between the nature/culture dualism...for humans to accept the animal 
that once was symbolic of all that is evil, frightening and despicable 
about nature is a big step (at least a big symbolic step) toward 
understanding that culture and nature are not mutually exclusive...) But 
if the concern motivating the reintroduction is truly for the wolves, it 
seems that the best thing to do would be to (as Karla has suggested) 
create and maintain corridors for wolf travel through the forests of 
Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, as well as through the human cultures that 
surround these wild areas.

On the other hand, the dismantling of the logic of domination is a very 
important and valuable task that wolf reintroduction seems to work 
toward. The actual process of restoring wolves to places where they are 
still a negative symbol may actually help people see more clearly, in the 
sence that wolves are not an evil embodiement of nature, and that nature 
is not something to be hated and feared, but something that must be 
accepted, understood, respected and part of culture. This is where I 
agree with Ronnie: wolf reintroduction is a visualization of what it may 
mean to dismantle the logic of domination. Ecological feminists may also 
support wolf reintroduction on the grounds that it is correcting for past 
wrongs, and that this last bit of suffering will lead to the greatest 
good for all the remaining wolves...does the fact that ecofeminism is a 
contextualist ethic interfere with this reasoning?...It is definitely 
very important to consider the historical context of wolves (how they 
have been treated) in trying to formulate a standpoint about what is going 
on with them in the present. It may very well be that correcting or at 
least atoning for past wrongs to wolves by welcoming them back into a 
very small fraction of their past territory far overshadows the problems 
inherant in reintroduction. But on the other hand, the reintroduction may 
just be reinforcing the way of thinking that the logic of domination is 
pointing to as inappropriate.

Obviously, I guess, I am pretty confused about the whol issue...

Colette Palamar
University of Idaho
Departments of Philosophy and Environmental Science
[EMAIL PROTECTED]

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