Yes, the problem with citation indexes is that none of them include
ALL journals, none account for why a paper is being cited (good
example or bad!), and if your paper ends the discussion it is unlikely
to get cited!  These indexes are also subject to cheating by journals.

I think the most serious problem is the first listed above.  ISI only
includes papers that have been included in the ISI system.  ISI is
also now a corporately owned entity tied to many corporate journals.
Hartzing's has no qualifications except that the journal has online
access so that the google bot to surf the site.

ISI has a number of qualifications for a journal to be included.
First, the journal must be regular.  This means that if two issues are
release, at least one must be released before June 30th.  IF three, 1
must be released before April 30th and the second before August 30th,
etc.  The number of issues and articles affects it to some degree, and
international status is a plus.  Furthermore, articles must be in
English.

If the journal is overly specialized it seldom appears in ISI.  A few
years back the Journal of gasteroenterology got cut from ISI because
something like 90% of its citations were within the journal.  At first
this may seem strange, but in fact, JG is the leading journal in
gasteroenterology and the findings, few publish this stuff outside of
this journal unless it lands in JAMA and it is very well read by
gasteroenterologists.  Of course, this journal was reinstated through
a process by which I not familiar.

In my field, herpetology, we have many herp journals.  Some are newer
(Acta Herpetologica, Herpetological Conservaiton and Biology) and due
their youth they do not appear in ISI.  They do, however, show up in
the publish or perish h-score and they do influence the h-score
calculated by this organization.  A few older herp journals, Herp
Natural History adn Amphibian and Reptile Conservation never acquired
ISI due to irregularity issues.  ARC seems not to have recovered,
although it still publishes intermittently.  HNH closed a few years
ago despite reorganization and release of many issues containing
articles that are well cited.  None of the citations within any of
these 4 journals is included in the ISI citation ratings of Journal of
Herpetology, Copeia, Herpetologica, or Amphibia-Reptilia.

Acta Herp and Herp Cons Bio have maintained regularity and both appear
to be growing and will undoubtedly obtain ISI approval within the next
year or two.  But, they are at a disadvantage to the corporately
sponsored journals that use tactics to raise their ranking.  Herp Con
bio has actually been solicited by more than one journal company to be
absorbed!

Some corporate journals (by no means all) support the ISI rankings of
their partner journals by encouraging citation of those other outlets.
 Here is a fake example used because I prefer not to get sued!

The Journal of Gopher Guts, Gopher Press
the Guts Journal, Gopher Press
The gopher Journal, Gopher PRess
the journal of things that live in the ground, Gopher press

So, you submit an article to JGG, that is well cited.  In the last
stages of approval the editor contacts you with a list of citations
from the other three journals.  You include them because they are
related.   If each journal adds 1 citation from the other three per
article, their citation rating will rapidly exceed the ISI rating of
1, and possibly even 2 regardless of what is being published.

Now back to the independent and society backed journals.  they do not
have this luxury.  Even ESA only has a handful of journals, and most
society and  independent journals cannot benefit from this strategy.
An independent journal cannot self cite itself to death, and in fact
must minimize this behavior to avoid a black mark from ISI, even if
those self citations are very relevant!  The Journal of Herpetology
cannot encourage Herpetologica or visa versa to pay close attention to
adding citations.  In fact, their editorial staff are typically
volunteer, whereas corporate journals sometimes have paid staff
capable of doing the extra search.

I have been investigating this stuff for four years due to my role as
the editor of Herpetological Conservation and Biology.  I have to say
that I am not really impressed with any of the citation indexes.  Just
before citation ratings started taking over, I remember an advisor
telling me "these are the journals you need to be cited in" and then
listed off the major herp journals, "and, here are the journals that
we strive to get in regularly "where he listed off a list of major
journals including Ecology, American Naturalist, and a few others, and
he listed Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences as the top
spot.  It seemed pretty clear what journals were good, and which were
not.  Now, the citation indexes have actually clouded this issue
rather than refined it.  What does getting cited really mean?  Was
your paper that good, or that bad?  Is the journal's citation rating
high because they strive to publish the best science, or because they
strive to publish articles that will get cited?  These two things are
not the same!  I can't recall the last time that an article had to be
retracted from a herpetology journal, can you recall an article
getting slammed from Nature or Science?  I believe they are currently
the highest rated.  What does this all really mean?  Should everyone
of us dump our research and shoot for that Immunology review journal
that routinely has an enormous rating?  Is the top Ornithology Journal
better than the top Herpetology Journal?  And is the top Herpetology
Journal better than the Top Arachnology Journal?  And, why did Copeia
and Herpetologica flip places in the citation rankings last year.  IS
Herpetologica better than Copeia?

In some ways, I would rather that all the herpetologists got together
and simply ranked the journals like they do in College football.
We could do the same with ecology, etc.  There would still be
arguements, but at least there would be consensus as there was before
they became the trend.

I think that the citation rankings are important, they do mean
something, but do they really bring consensus? I suggest only in a few
fields, and maybe their utility is only to make broad statements
within a field.  to this day, I would much rather get published in
ecology than PloS Biology. This is no slam agains PloS.  I just view
ecology as more prestigious.  Yet, PloS had an impact rating dwarfing
that of Ecology long before its articles could be interpreted as
superior to those in Ecology.  In fact, I can't say that I really
think PloS is a better journal, or even a more widely read journal
than Ecology.  Its just easier to find the papers online making it
easier for the lazy and those who don't know how to use bioAbstracts
and Zoological Record, although it obviously helps those who have no
access to such indexes due to their institutional affiliation.  But,
in years past people at these schools simply took a trip to a larger
institution/museum and used their library.

Bring on the Polls.

On Thu, Dec 4, 2008 at 9:59 AM, Jim Hobbs <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Thought this was really interesting!  I would only add that it's those high
> profile studies published in Science or Nature that attract a lot of
> opposition by fellow scientists.
>
> Jim
>
>
>
> Begin forwarded message:
>
>> From: "Robert Lusardi" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>> Date: December 3, 2008 8:57:19 PM PST
>> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>> Subject: Publish and be wrong?
>> Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>>
>
>> Hi all- below please find a link to the Economist article I referenced
>> during lab meeting this morning.  Interesting stuff.
>>
>> http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12376658
>>
>> --Rob
>



-- 
Malcolm L. McCallum
Associate Professor of Biology
Texas A&M University-Texarkana
Editor, Herpetological Conservation and Biology
http://www.herpconbio.org

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