Here's the list of notable species (weird, big, small, edible, parasitic etc) I developed for my botany course a few years ago. I gave only the genus and species and let the students figure out what they were.
Steve Acacia cornigera Adenanthera pavonina Adansonia digitata Aldrovanda vesiculos Amorphophallus titanum Angraecum sesquipedale Araucaria araucana Astragalus bisulcatus Brosimum alicastrum Cuscuta Datura wrightii Dendroseris neriifolia Dionaea muscipula Dracunculus vulgaris Drakaea glyptodon Elaeocarpus bojeri Entada gigas Eucalyptus deglupta Ficus benghalensis Hydnora africana Lithops Lophophora williamsii Merremia discoidesperma Monotropa uniflora Nepenthes alata Piper nigrum Pseudotsuga menziesii Rafflesia arnoldii Sarracenea flava Selaginella lepidophylla Symplocarpus foetidus Tillandsia recurvata Utricularia Vanilla fragrans Welwitschia mirabilis Wolffia angusta