For students, faculty, personnel from federal and state agencies, museums, 
environmental organizations and consulting firms

Crustose Lichen Identification 
July 10 - 16, 2016

Instructor: Irwin Brodo
Location: Eagle Hill Institute, Steuben, Me

Although the lichens of Maine’s coastal rocks and forest are a conspicuous 
component of the vegetation, it is usually the larger lichens, the foliose and 
fruticose species, that attract one’s attention. This seminar will concentrate 
on the less conspicuous, but equally diverse and important, crustose lichens. 
Collections will be made from bark, wood, rocks and soil, and they will then be 
identified in the laboratory. The newly expanded keys to crustose lichens from 
“Lichens of North America,” will be used, as well as other modern keys from the 
world literature. Techniques for sectioning, staining, and interpreting the 
tissues of crustose lichen fruiting bodies will be introduced, with special 
attention being devoted to staining various ascus types with iodine. Thin layer 
chromatography will be introduced and used to demonstrate how to analyze the 
chemistry of some crustose lichens, especially sterile species, as the interest 
of participants and time permits. Techniques for testing crustose lichens with 
para-phenylenediamine, hypochlorite solution (bleach), potassium hydroxide, 
nitric acid, and iodine will be discussed and used regularly for 
identifications. (Special $10 lab fee).

Dr. Irwin M. Brodo ([email protected]) was the research lichenologist at the 
Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa for 35 years and remains a Research 
Associate there. He is the author of over 90 research papers on lichens, most 
of them on the taxonomy of North American species, but also including studies 
of ecology, air pollution, and general lichen biology. Together with 
photographer/naturalists Sylvia and Stephen Sharnoff, he has written an 
encyclopedic reference book entitled Lichens of North America illustrated with 
over 920 color photographs. The book was published in October 2001 by Yale 
University Press and is in its fifth printing. He has fully revised and 
expanded the keys from that book published by Yale University Press in 2015.
For general information, go to 
http://eaglehill.us/programs/nhs/natural-history-seminars.shtml

For course calendar and course descriptions, go to 
http://www.eaglehill.us/programs/nhs/nhs-calendar.shtml

For application information and cost breakdown, go to 
http://www.eaglehill.us/programs/general/application-info.shtml

For more information, contact [email protected], 207-546-2821 x 1 

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