The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is pleased to announce 
that the 2016 flight campaign of the Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) is 
now underway. Survey flights are scheduled through October 2016 and will 
cover 25 terrestrial field sites and 17 aquatic field sites in nine of 
NEON’s twenty ecoclimatic domains (see Schedule below).

Taking advantage of the opportunity to acquire simultaneous field and 
airborne observations at a given site, NEON invites interested researchers 
to plan ground-based research activities that coincide with scheduled AOP 
flights. If you would like to do so, please email NEON’s AOP team at:

[email protected]

(Please note that access to field sites must be coordinated directly with 
site hosts, and access to NEON plots is restricted.)

How NEON conducts airborne surveys

NEON currently deploys two payloads equipped to carry out airborne remote 
sensing surveys, one fully operational and a second scheduled to transition 
to operations in 2017. Each AOP payload consists of three key instruments:

An imaging spectrometer capable of generating hyperspectral imagery of the 
underlying terrain;

A waveform light detection and ranging (lidar) instrument intended to 
measure the height and density of vegetation; and,

A high-resolution digital camera to capture orthophotography of the site

These instruments are mounted in a DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft 
operating at a nominal altitude of 1000 m above ground level (AGL) and a 
typical speed of 100 knots, enabling meter-scale spectroscopy, decimeter-
scale photography, and ~4 points-per-meter square discrete and waveform 
lidar measurements at a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to retrieve 
vegetation vertical structure and biogeochemical properties from measured 
reflectance spectra.

AOP surveys a minimum of 100 km2 at each of NEON’s existing terrestrial 
sites, optimized to capture the spatial heterogeneity of ecological 
features in the landscape. The surveyed areas include the NEON tower 
airshed and distributed long-term sampling plots; where possible, AOP 
flights cover the watershed of each terrestrial and aquatic site. 
AOP intends to survey all NEON sites during their period of “peak 
greenness,” defined as the range of dates where the normalized difference 
vegetation index (NDVI) measured from MODIS is at least 90% of the typical 
maximum at each site. Surveys conducted during peak greenness minimize 
signal uncertainty caused by seasonal variations in plant phenology and 
ensure spatial and temporal consistency in data products across multiple 
years. To minimize interference from clouds and shadows, AOP will attempt 
to acquire data when cloud coverage is under 10% and the sun is at least 
40° above the horizon. 

Data produced by the NEON Airborne Observation Platform

NEON estimates that the 2016 AOP survey flights will generate 26 Tb 
of “Level 0” (i.e., “raw”) data that will yield approximately 100 Tb in 
corresponding Level 1 through Level 3 data products.  NEON produces the 
following products from AOP data: 

LiDAR derived:
- Unclassified point cloud (LAS format - by flightline)
- Classified Point Cloud (LAZ format – 1 km2 tiles)
- LiDAR boundary (KML)
- DTM mosaic (1 m resolution, GTiff format, 1 km2 tile)
- DSM mosaic (1 m resolution, GTiff format, 1 km2 tile)
- Terrain slope mosaic (1 m resolution, GTiff format, 1 km2 tile)
- Terrain aspect mosaic (1 m resolution, GTiff format, 1 km2 tile)
- Canopy Height Model mosaic (1 m resolution, GTiff format, 1 km2 tile)
- Waveform LiDAR (NEON binary format / Pulsewaves, by flight line)

Camera derived:
- Orthorectified high resolution digital photos (10 cm resolution, GTiff - 
by photo)
- Orthorectified high resolution digital photo mosaic (10 cm resolution, 
GTiff, 1 km2 tile)

Spectrometer derived:
- Directional surface reflectance (H5 format, 1 m resolution, by flightline)
- Vegetation Indices (GTiff format, 1 m resolution, by flightline)
- Water Indices (GTiff format, 1 m resolution, by flightline)

Depending on the total size of data requested, NEON will deliver data 
products either via download from NEON’s AOP data repository or by shipping 
requestors an external hard drive. To learn more about current data product 
availability and how to request AOP data, please visit: 

http://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data


NEON 2016 Flight Campaign Schedule

Domain      Site (Terrestrial / Aquatic)               Target Flight Dates
11          LBJ Grasslands                             Apr 20 - Apr 28
11          Pringle Creek                              Apr 20 - Apr 28
11          Klemme Range Research Station              Apr 20 - Apr 28
11          South Pond at KRRS                         Apr 20 - Apr 28
08          Talladega National Forest                  Apr 30 - May 21
08          Mayfield Creek                             Apr 30 - May 21
08          Lenoir Landing                             Apr 30 - May 21
08          Lower Tombigbee River                      Apr 30 - May 21
08          Dead Lake                                  Apr 30 - May 21
08          Black Warrior River                        Apr 30 - May 21
07          Oak Ridge National Laboratory              May 30 - Jun 24
07          Walker Branch Aquatic                      May 30 - Jun 24
07          Great Smoky Mountains NP                   May 30 - Jun 24 
07          LeConte Creek                              May 30 - Jun 24
09          Woodworth / Prairie Pothole                Jun 26 - Jul 9
09          Dakota Coteau Field School                 Jun 26 - Jul 9
09          N. Great Plains Research Fac.              Jun 26 - Jul 9
06          Konza Prairie Biological Station           Jul 11 - Jul 17
06          McFiffett Creek                            Jul 11 - Jul 17
06          University of Kansas Field Stn.            Jul 11 - Jul 17
02          Smithsonian Cons. Bio. Inst.               Jul 19 - Aug 9
02          Posey Creek                                Jul 19 - Aug 9
02          Smithsonian Env. Res. Ctr                  Jul 19 - Aug 9.
02          Blandy Experimental Farm                   Jul 19 - Aug 9
07          Mountain Lake Biological Station           Jul 19 - Aug 9
01          Harvard Forest                             Aug 18 - Aug 30
01          Hop Brook                                  Aug 18 - Aug 30
01          Bartlett Experimental Forest               Aug 18 - Aug 30
05          UNDERC                                     Sep 1 - Sep 14
05          Crampton Lake                              Sep 1 - Sep 14
05          Steigerwaldt Land Services                 Sep 1 - Sep 14
05          Treehaven                                  Sep 1 - Sep 14
05          Chequamegon-Nicolet Nat. Forest            Sep 1 - Sep 14
03          Jones Ecological Research Center           Sep 16 - Sep 21
03          Ordway-Swisher Biological Stn.             Sep 23 - Oct 3
03          Suggs Lake / Barco Lake                    Sep 23 - Oct 3
03          Disney Wilderness Preserve                 Sep 23 - Oct 3

For the geographic locations of these field sites, explore the complete 
NEON field site map at http://www.neonscience.org/science-design/field-
sites.  You can also download KMLs that show the anticipated flight 
coverage for each site at http://www.neonscience.org/science-design/field-
sites/maps-spatial-data.

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