Maybe someone will point me to other newsgroups or mail groups on
biological or clinical statistics as I know that sci.stat.edu is about
the education of statistics not really about stats itself..

My question (frustration, rather) is: how do  you deal with the fact
that signs on coefficients of multivariable models change direction
and size when you remove a predictor of the dependant variable(s).

is there a test for this?

It seems to me that if genetics place an important part in determining
cholesterol levels (say), and you study diet as it relates to
cholesterol, but forget to insert genetics (say in a twin study), then
you might find that eating eggs raises your cholesterol whereas if you
don't include eggs might lower cholesterol. (hyopthetial)


How do observational and especially exploratory studies overcome this
problem?

I think you can only overcome it (given lack of theoretical grounds to
overcome it) by looking at the size of the relationship and "guess" at
how true your result is, even though the opposite of your result might
be what happens in real life.
.
.
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