On Tue, 09 Jul 2002 05:31:08 GMT, "jsnell55" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:

> I am designing a clinical trial to test the efficacy of a new therapeutic
> modality of bone fusion.  I plan to run a double blind superiority study to
> prove clinical efficacy.  In my preparation for estimating the study size I
> have calculated that the efficacy of this device will be around 10% better
> than a placebo. 

You believe, placebo has *efficacy*  for BONE FUSION?
I think you need to check your terminology, or the literature....
I do believe in "Pbo  effects" -- but they are less and less likely
as you move to the strictly-physiological.  Bone fusion sure does
sound to me like something physiological.

>          Furthermore, there will be some variability in the data due
> to drug effects (which I can identify, but not control for).  Previous
> similar studies have used between 220 - 350 patients.
> 
> My question is this:  If I assume that a placebo group (no treatment)
> demonstrates improvement in bone growth among 40% of the patients, will I

What is this "no treatment"  in parentheses beside "placebo
group"?   That does not follow the definitions asserted anywhere, 
by anyone, so far as I know.  To add to the confusion:  If you 
were saying that the Pbo effect is ZERO  in efficacy, equal to 
no treatment, you could not immediately attribute to it 
"improvement"  in 40%.

Improvement sounds like a useful thing to measure.
Compared to what?

> need a larger sample size to power the study, than if I assume 65% of the
> placebo group will demonstrate improvement in bone growth?
> 

When  I guess at what the question is, I try to forget
entirely about your categories.  Then, I come up with
a distinction of detecting a difference 40% vs 50%,
or 65%  vs 75%.  "Are similar sample-Ns needed?"
Practically speaking, there is not much difference.
Set up the corresponding 2x2  tables and manipulate
the total N (increasing all the cells)  until you compute
a chisquared that is significant:  That is where the 
"power"  is 50%.  (The Ns will be slightly smaller for
the second case.)

It might  be that I have seriously misconstrued this 
question, since I don't understand  why  Elliot C. posted
the answer that he did.  But I am pretty sure that the 
*question*  is not asked very well.

-- 
Rich Ulrich, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://www.pitt.edu/~wpilib/index.html
.
.
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