John wrote:

> Please help me find out if this is a special (square) matrix.
> Every cell in the diagonal, the last row and the last column of the
> matrix is not zero.

So the matrix basically looks like an arrow pointing south-east.

> All other cells are zero.
> The matrix is not necessarily symmetric.
> Is it a special matrix?

Obviously, but I have not seen a name for it.

> Any formula for the determinant?

You can develop the determinant along the first column (or row),
which leaves you with a matrix of the same type of dimension n-1
and a "check" matrix (nonzero pattern \|). Continuing recursively
I find (though I am usually over-optimistic and my algebra is
notoriously bad) that

det A = [prod(a_ii)] * [ 1 - sum( (-1)^(n-i)a_ni/a_ii)].

.
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