You were close. You just had the "nested" and "not" filters in the wrong
order, basically. 

Your (first) query says "return items that have a rating with
'ratings.rater_username' not equal to 'user1'". And so you get the first
item, since it meets that requirement. 

What you really want to say is "return items for which all ratings have
'ratings.rater_username' not equal to 'user1'". Here is the query you want:

curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/nestedfilters/item/_search"; -d'
{
   "query": {
      "match_all": {}
   },
   "filter": {
      "not": {
         "nested": {
            "path": "ratings",
            "filter": {
               "term": {
                  "ratings.rater_username": "user1"
               }
            }
         }
      }
   }
}'

Here is a runnable example you can play with (you will need ES installed and
running at localhost:9200, or supply another endpoint):
http://sense.qbox.io/gist/289ceb80480db8b6574d5f879358e50c97aaf5da




-----
Co-Founder and CTO, StackSearch, Inc. 
Hosted Elasticsearch at http://qbox.io
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