Hi Valentin,

- What is bg_count (I assume background count) but what is the meaning of
it?

The bg_count is the number of documents, which contain the term in the whole index (not just in the search result).

http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-aggregations-bucket-significantterms-aggregation.html

- At first I thought the score values are between 0 and 1 but there are
much bigger values. Can anyone give me a rough explanation?

You can see the code of the computation here:

https://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/blob/master/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/bucket/significant/InternalSignificantTerms.java#L94

This is a summarized version of the formula:

  double subsetProb = #relative frequency in the search result#;
  double supersetProb = #relative frequency in the whole index#;
  double absoluteProbChange = subsetProb - supersetProb;
  if (absoluteProbChange <= 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  double relativeProbChange = (subsetProb / supersetProb);
  return absoluteProbChange * relativeProbChange;

I guess in the future there will be support for other scorings like mutual information, chi squared or information gain.

Best regards,
Hannes

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