>I suspect that over-driving an external amplifier is a major cause of > excessive clicks on the bands today. Many Hams think that CW doesn't > require > the final amplifier be linear and drive their rigs into saturation. But a > "linear" amplifier needs to be linear for CW just as with any amplitude > modulation (SSB, AM, CW, etc.)
Key clicks also occur when bias is suddenly applied to an amp where the transceiver is already producing an RF envelope. I recently experienced this when I purchased the SPE 1K-FA solid-state amp. The amp is advertised as being "Full QSK" compatible. However, it uses general purpose frame relays at the RF input and output. As such, the firmware is programmed to apply bias at a very long 15 msec after the amp's relay line is pulled low by the transceiver. The problem isn't terribly bad with a transceiver like the K3 as its RF envelope can be delayed in the K3 menu. However, rigs like the Icom 7700 and 7800 produce RF at ~ 9 msec. after key closure and there's no menu to adjust it. On the scope, WYSIWYG. In the K3's default setting of 8 msec., my SPE amp was hot switching as a result of bias being applied at 15 msec when the K3 was already producing its RF envelope at exactly 12 msec after key closure. And so, the RF envelope was being truncated by 3 msec in full QSK mode. SPE chose that bias time to give the general-purpose frame relays an opportunity to settle without contact bounce. Sure, the amp's relays were not being hot-switched, but the effect of key clicks is the same when the sudden onset of bias causes the FET output transistors to instantly conduct, producing a sharp vertical rise time of the RF envelope. I then delayed the K3 to 16 msec and the hot-switch problem disappeared. But in doing so, the keyed elements were also being shortened, albeit without RF hot-switching. That fix requires use of pulse-stretching key compensation using an external keyer. Next, I tried using the K3's TX INH handshake with the SPE amp. More dit shortening problems. Was the problem with the K3 or the SPE amp. I honestly don't know and don't care. I only care that there's a viable solution is available. Really, the only way to cleanly fix these problems is at the source of the timing issue. The solution: I ended up modifying a beat-up Ameritron QSK-5, keeping the logic interface between the QSK-5 and the SPE amp100% optically-isolated. http://72.52.250.47/images/QSK-5-Interface.pdf Now, instead of the amp's firmware setting the bias activation time, the QSK-5 tells the SPE amp when to apply bias. QSK is pretty awesome with this set-up and even the first leading 'dit' switches cleanly with no keyed element shortening. Long-term, the fix calls for using a Gigavac GH-1 vacuum relay at the amp's output and an Aromat RSD-12V RF reed relay at the amp's input. SPE has sent me the revised firmware that reduces bias time to 8 msec, but that requires an EEPROM programmer and a spare chip that I need to order. But with either solution, bias key clicks won't be a problem. Paul, W9AC ______________________________________________________________ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help: http://mailman.qth.net/mmfaq.htm Post: mailto:Elecraft@mailman.qth.net This list hosted by: http://www.qsl.net Please help support this email list: http://www.qsl.net/donate.html
