Mr. Schulze wrote- There are two kinds of strategical nominations: clones and irrelevant alternatives.
An election method violates "Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives" when there are situations where you can increase the winning probability of a given already running candidate by introducing an additional candidate. An election method violates "Independence from Clones" when there are situations where you can (1) increase or decrease the probability that a candidate of a given set of clones is elected by introducing additional clones to this set of clones or (2) increase or decrease the probability that a given candidate is elected by introducing additional clones to a set of clones to which this candidate doesn't belong. "Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives" and "Independence from Clones" describe two different nomination strategies. Examples: Random Candidate meets "Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives" and violates "Independence from Clones". Tideman's Ranked Pairs method meets "Independence from Clones" and violates "Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives". --- D- Again ---- if C is added to A versus B, then C may (head to head) - beat both A and B beat A beat B be beaten by both A and B The beatings may, of course, range from 100 percent (*pure* clones) to bare majority.
