04/05/02 - Monotonicity is `Much Ado About Nothing': Greetings list,
My claim that your examples are unrealistic has to do with the lower choices. Below are ballots from one ward of a Preference Voting/STV election in the city of Cambridge, Mass. These are real ballots from a real election in the real world. The lower choices are also real. Your assignment, if you care to accept, is to work all these ballots as an IRVing election and then make your two percent changes to the ballots so as to prove non-monotonicity. Be wary of only using the ballots of only a few candidates. You may not have enough lower choices from the few to suit your needs. The lower choices of these ballots are divided between nineteen candidates. If you object to using Preference Voting ballots as an IRVing election, then I suggest that you run the ballots as a Preference Voting election, make your two percent changes, prove your non-monotonicity. Preference Voting is also accused of being non-monotonic. But, even if you are able to show non-monotonicity, I still contend that after you make changes, the election becomes a new and different election with possible new results. In other words, non-monotonicity is `Much Ado About Nothing'. Regards, Donald Davison - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Date: Fri, 14 Feb 1997 15:19:39 -0500 (EST) Subject: Cambridge Election 01,19,02 01,07,02,19,09,08,18,13,15 [31 total] 01,13 01,19,08,14,16,11,17,07,13,15 01,02,14,16 01,15,07,08,19,02,09 01,19,07,09,16 01,19,02,18,07,09,17 01,19,02,09,07,08 01,07,09,19,18,02 01,07,02,19 01,19,09,07,02,18,15,16,08 01,07,19,09 01,19,09,02,07,15,18,08,16 01,14,19,02,11 01,02,07,19,09,18 01,07,08 01,02,18,07,09,19,16,15 01,02,19 01,19,07,02,09,15,16,08 01,09,18,19,02 01,19,07,09,02,08,16,11 01,02,19,07,09 01,19,07,02,07,09,12 01,02,07,15,16 01,02,10,07,18,19,08,15 01,19,07,09 01,09,19,02,07,08,18 01,19,09,07,18,02 01,15,19,02,09,18,08,07 01,02,19,09,07,18,15,14,03,04,05,06,10,11,13,12,08,16,17 02 02,07,19,01,09,15,18,03,05,16 [51 total] 02,19 02,19,01,09,07,18,15,08,16 02,01,19,09 02,08,19,09,07,15,16,01 02,19,07,09,01 02,19,01,07,09,15,08,14,16 02,01,19,09,07,18 02,07,19,08,01,09,18 02,01,19,09,07,18 02,08,11,14,19,07,01,17 02,15,11,12,06,13 02,14,19,07,01,08,16,09 02,16,01,07,19,03 02,19,13,11,08,05,09 02,19,07,01,09,15 02,19,07,08,09,18,01 02,19,07,09,15,04 02,19,07,08,01,15,09 02,08,19,16 02,09,01,07,19,18,16,06,15 02,19,01,07,09 02,19,01,07,09,08,18 02,19,11,07,09,16 02,19,01,16,07,08,09 02 02,01,19,09,07,18,16 02,19,15,08,07,12 02,01,19,07,15,09,08 02,19,07,09,11 02,01,19,09,07,18,08 02,19,08,07,09,01 02,01,09,19,18,07 02,19,08,09 02,01,07,08,09,18 02,19,01,09,07 02,08,16,19,09,01 02,19,07,09,01 02,19,09,07,01,18 02,19,09,07,01 02,09,07,19,01 02,09,19,07,01 02,07,19,09,01 02,19 02,19,01,09,07 02,11 02,19,07,11,16 02,19 02,19,09,01,07 02,01,19,07,09,08,05,18,15,03,04,06,10,12,11,14,13,16,17 03,04,06,10,17,05,12,14 [1] 04,16,10 [1] 05,06,10 [1] 06,12,08,14,15,17 06,14,16,17,11,15,02,13 [8] 06,11,17 06,12,15,08,17,13,14,16 06,03,17,13,12,10 06,12,13,14,11,17,16,15 06,11,13,17 06,12,13,11,14,17,16 07,01,19,09,18,02 07,09,18,16,19,01,02 [40] 07,02,09,19,18,01 07,15,08,09,19,01,02,18,05,04 07,09,08,19,01,02 07,09,19,01,02,16,11,14,15 07,19,18,01,02,09,11 07,19,09,01,02,18,16,15 07,15,19,08,02,09,01 07,02,08,01,19,18,09,15 07,16,08,19,15,02 07,15,19,02,01,09,18,08 07,15,02,19 07,01,19,02,09,15,18,16,08,11 07,15,08,02,19,09,01 07,19,08,15,01,02,18,09 07,15,02,19,09,01 07,01,09,18,19,02,15,16,08 07,09,02,18,19,01 07,09,19,15,02,01,08,18 07,19,09,01 07,15,02,08,19,01,09 07,01,09,19,02,18 07,19,02,15,01,09,08 07,11,16,19,05,02,14 07,19,08,09,01,02,18 07,19 07,15,02,19,08,01,09 07,09,19,08,01,15 07,15,08,19,02,01,09 07,09,01,18,19,02 07,19,09,02,18,15,16 07,09,01,19,02,08 07,01,09,02,19,18,08 07,19,01,18,09,02 07,02,08,01,09,19,15 07,09,19,01,02,18 07,15,01,08,09,19,02 07,01,02,09,19 07,01,19,15,02,09,08,11,12,13,14,16,17,18,06,10,03,04,05 08,15,16 08,02,09,07,01,15,18,16,19 [31] 08,19,16 08,02,15,07,09,19 08,19 08,19,05,13,11,01,03,07,10,18 08,07 08,14,15,16,17,19,18,06,09 08,07,12,19 08,17,13,14,15,06,12,11,16 08,15,07,02 08,02,19,09,15,06,11,12,17,13,16,07 08,15,16,04 08,15,17,02,09,19,13,14,01 08,15,06,16 08,19,16,11,09,01,14,15,02 08,19,01,02,07 08,09,07,15,01,19,02,16 08,06,15,14,16,02,07 08,19,02,07,01,09,11 08,19,09,15,01,02 08,07,15,01,09,19,02,16 08,18,01,10,19,02,07 08,19,09,07,01,15,02 08,19,09,01,02,07,18 08,19,01,02,07,09 08,07,15,01,09,19,02,16 08,19,01,07,09,18 08,19,01,09,07,02,14,18 08,19,01,07,16,11 08,19,09,07,01,02,18,05 09,11,14,19 09,19,07,01,02,08,15 [17] 09,19,01,07,02 09,19,02,01,07,18 09,02,19,14,16 09,19,02,01,07,18 09,07,19,01,02 09,19,01,07,18,02 09,19,07,01,02 09,07,18,19,01,02 09,07 09,08,19,07,02,01,18 09,02,19,07,01 09,19,18,07,02,01,17 09,19,18,07,02 09,07,19,01,02,15 09,19,01,07,02 10,16,18,04 10,12,06,05 [2] 11,14,17 11,17,15,14,12,06,03,10,13 [14] 11,14,17,06,13 11,13,17,14,06,12,08,16 11,17,14,16 11,08,14,16,18,01,07 11,17,16,02 11,14,12,15,16,17,19 11,14,02,16 11,14,17,15,04,06,13 11,14,08 11,14,13,17,04,06 11,15,08,12,17 11,14,15,02,13 12,13,11,14,17 12,14,11,17,19 [11] 12,14,16 12,06,13,15,16 12,16,14,17 12,06,13,16,14 12,17 12,17,16,15,13,14,11,06 12,08,17 12,17,11,14,16 12,10,19,08,03,02,13,17,16,01,11,15,18,06 13,07,08,11 13,06,12,07,10,17,08 [10] 13,19,08,07,16 13,17,02,08,15,19,12,11,09 13,16,14,12 13,16,14,02,06,07,15 13,19,05 13,09,12,08,19,14,10 13,15,14 13,12,17,11,14 14,11,04 14,11,17,15,12,13,16,06,03,10,08 [78] 14,15,16,11 14,15,17,19,01,02,07,09,11,16 14 14,11,17,06,16,15,12,03,04 14,11,17,06 14,13,15,11,17,06,12 14,17,11,16,12 14,19,17,02,01,16,15,07,09 14,11,13,01,15,16 14,08,01,17,16,15,12 14,11,17,16,15 14,17,19,16,11,12,01,05,09 14,16,02 14,06,16,15,11,12,17,08,13 14,17,06,11,15,16 14,17,15,11,16,12,13 14,02,19,08 14,11,15,13,17,16,12,06,08 14,06,10,13,01,18 14,16,11,12,17,15,10,03,04,06,13,05,08 14,06,17 14,11,17,06,15,16,12,03,04 14,19,02,01 14,16,17,15,12,11,19,02 14,11,15,16,13 14,15,02,11,13,06,04 14,15,16,11,12 14,11,13,15,17,16,18 14,15,17,11,13 14,15,16,11,17,12,06 14,17,11,13,06 14,17,15,11,08,13,12,06,16 14,12,11,15,17,08 14,16,04,06,08,12,13 14,15,09,11 14,13,11,15,17,02,08,12 14,15 14,19,11,07,09,17,02,01,15,16,08,12 14,15,02,11 14,11,15,17,02,12,07 14 14,15,16,06,17,13,11,12,05 14,11,15 14,13,17,06,11,16,12 14,17,15,07 14,16,17,19,04,15 14,16,08,11 14,06,11,17,16,08 14,09,12 14,17,11,16,13,15,04 14,17,06 14,13,06,11,17,12,16 14,16,08 14,15,16,06,17,11,12 14,15,11,16 14,15,17,06,11,12,16 14 14,02,06,13,15,17,16,11,12,19 14,17,01,07,19 14,17,11,12,16,13,15 14,06,17,13 14,09,02,15,01,19,07,17,11 14,02,16 14,16,15,17,07,02,09,11,19 14,17,16,11,13 14,13,11,15,16,02 14,15,11,13,16 14,11,09,02,15,17 14,15,17,11,13 14,17,08,09,11,15 14,17,13,08,11 14,15,07,02,19,09 14,15,16,11,06 14,15,16,06,02,12,13,19,09,17,10,18,03,04,05,07,08,11,01 14,15,16,02,01,19,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,10,12,13,17,18 14,16,06,13,15,18,17,09,07,05,08,10,01,03,04,02,12 15,14,17,16,06,11 15,14,16,06,11,12,13 [28] 15,14,13,06,11 15,07,08,16,04,05,19,02,01,09 15,01,07 15,14,16,11,12,13,17,08,06 15,14,11,17,12 15,07,11,01,17,02,19,16 15,16,08 15,18,19,02,01,09,07,08 15,13,14,07,11 15,19,12,02,09,07,11 15,02,01,07,19,16 15,07,19,01,02,09 15,14,08 15,16,14,02,08,19,06,13,07,12 15 15,13,14,17,11,06,08 15,17,12,14,06 15,18,09,02,07,19,01,08 15,14,06 15,08,18,09,01,02,19,16,10,07,17 15,07,16 15,07,16,08,19,02,01,09 15,14,16,17,11 15,17,14,02,11,12,04,07,09 15,06,14,11,08 15,02,07,01,09,19,08 16 16,15,13,14,11,06,17 [17] 16,14,18 16,06,14,02,01 16,14,15,17 16,15,01,09,07 16,19,09,07,08 16,14,15,17,11,12,13 16,19,01,13,14 16,14,15,11,17,06,12,13 16,14,12,01,11 16,14,15,08,11 16,14,17 16,19,01,14,08,02,11,12 16,05,19,02,07 16,12,07,06 16,14,11,17,02 17,14,16,06 17,14,10,13,12,06,16 [43] 17,13,12,03,06 17,13,11,15,14,12,16 17,11,13,14,15 17,14,11,16,15,08 17,11,13,14,15 17,14,11,12,10,06,13 17,16,14,08,11,15 17,12,14,13,11,06 17,11,12,13 17,14,16,11,06,12,13,04,05,10,03 17,06,05,13,14 17,11,12,14,06,15,16,13,08 17 17,06,14,11,13,10,12,16,03 17,14 17,11,14,12,10,06,13,16 17,11 17,13,11,06,12,10,03,14 17,13 17,06,14,13,11,15,16,12 17,11,14 17,18,16,11,10,12,14,02 17,07,14 17,05,19,01,13,08,06 17,14,11 17,06,14,16,11,12,04 17,15,14 17,11,14,06,12,13,10 17,11,14,12 17,06,14,13,16,15,11 17,16,13,15 17,11,14,12,10,06,13,16 17,14,08,05 17,14,15,11,06,16,12,08,13 17,13,11,15,07 17,14,15,16,11,06,12,13,08 17,14,04,05,19 17,13,11,14,12,06,15,10,03 17,14,16,13,12 17,11,14,05,08,13 17,16,06,11,13,14,12,01,08,02,18,04,03,05,10,07,19,09 18,01,07,09,19,16 18,01,02,07,09,19,08 [4] 18,07,19,01,09,02 18,01,02,07,09,19,11,14 19,09,07,02 19,08,11,12,14,16,17,09,07 [127] 19 19,02,01,07,18,12,08 19 19,08,07,02,17,09,11,16,14,10 19,08,01,09,07 19,02,09,01,07,10,18 19,13,02,09,07 19,09,07,01,02,15,16,08,18 19,02,01,07 19,02,09,01,07,16,08,15 19,07,01 19,08,01,09,07,18,15,11 19,07,01,02,09 19,02,09,07,01,18,15,08 19,01,07,18,02,09 19,09,01,07,02,18,16 19,07,09,02,01,08 19,02,07,01,09,18,16 19,09,01,07,02,18 19,07,02,09,01,11,08 19,02 19,09,15,01,02,13,14 19,07,09,01,02,08 19,15,07,02,01,08,09 19,07,04,09,11,18 19,07,09,01,02,08,16 19,08,11,13,02,05 19,02,09,18,01,07,08 19,08,01,09,18,02 19,05,06,07,09,08,15 19,18,07,09, 19,01,02,07,09,14,15,16,11 19,02 19,02,01,07,09,08,16,15,18 19,01,07,09,02 19,16,17,08,09,06,14,13,12 19,02,01,09,07,03 19,09,08,01,02,07,15,18 19,01,02,07,08 19,08,02,07,15,09,18,01 19,09,08,02,01,07 19,02,01,09,07,14,16,15,08 19,01,07,09 19,15,07,01,09,02,08 19,07,02,09,18 19,01,11,08,09,02,07 19,13,14,15 19,02,07,01,17,15,09,13,18 19,02,07,09,01 19,15,14,09,07,17,02,11,01 19,02,01,07,09,16 19,02,07,08,01,03,15,18 19,01,02,09,07,18 19,02,07,09,01,18,08,15 19,07,09,18,01,02 19,02,08,07,15,12,09,10,16,01 19,02,09,07,01,08 19,02,01,07,09,15,08,18,05,10,16,14,11 19,02,14,16,18,10 19,02,09,01,12,08,07,15,11 19,09,07,01,02,08 19,02,09,01,07,15,08,18 19,02,08,07,09 19,02,08,16,12,01,09,11 19,14,11,07,02 19,07,02,01,18,09,15,08,16 19,09,07,01,02,08 19,08,07,09,01,02,03,11,16 19,02,01,07,09,16 19,07,08,16,09,11,05,02,14,15 19,01,07,09,02 19,08,02,18,05,14,17,01,09,11 19,15,14 19,16,02,09,08,01,07,18 19,02,01,09,07,08 19,01,02,07,09,08 19,02,18,01,07 19,01,02,08,09,07 19,02,09,01,07 19,01,02,07,09,03 19,02,01,09,07,18 19,02,09,18,07,01 19,02,07,13 19,01,07,09,02,18 19,02 19,01,02,07,09,08 19,02,07 19,01,15,02,07,08,12,16 19,02 19,01,02,09,08,12,15,05 19,02,08 19,01,07,09,02,15,08 19,02,01,07,09 19,01,02,07,09,08,15,12 19,02,01,18,07 19,01,09,07,02,03,18 19,01,02,09,07 19,01,07,09,02,16,14,08,03,06,05,04 19,01,16,07 19,01,02,07,18,08,11,13,05 19,01,09,07,18 19,08,02,14,11,09,16 19,01,02,15,07 19,02,07,01,09,04 19,01,07 19,09,02,07,01,18,08,16,15 19,09,07,01,02,03 19,07,01,08,13,09 19,09,01,07,02 19,07,09,01,18,02 19,09,01,07,08,02 19,07,01,09,02,18 19,09,16,07,01,08 19,07,15,08,02,18 19,09,01,08,07,02 19,17,02,13,14,08 19,09,08 19,02,09,18,07,01,11,17,14,15 19,01,03,02 19,07,02,01,09 19,07,02 19,09,01,15,07,12,02,08,11 19,02,07,01,09,08,15,18,05,14,04,03,11,10,12,06,13,16,17 19,02,09,07,01,15,18,08,05,04,10,12,14,11,03,13,16,17,06 19,02,01,09,07,18,04,08,16,15,12,11,10,05,03,14,06,13,17 end Regards, Donald Davison, host of New Democracy at http://www.mich.com/~donald +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ | Q U O T A T I O N | | "Democracy is a beautiful thing, | | except that part about letting just any old yokel vote." | | - Age 10 - | +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ APV Approval Voting ATV Alternative Vote aka IRV Instant Runoff Voting aka IRVing FPTP First Past The Post aka Plurality NOTA None of the Above aka RON Re-Open Nominations STV Single Transferable Vote aka Preference Voting aka Choice Voting aka Hare Clarke aka Hare Preferential Voting Please be advised that sending email to me allows me to quote from it and/or forward the entire email to others.
