Hi, I'd like to propose adding ~URI for constructing URI structs. Here's an 
example:

    iex> ~URI"https://elixir-lang.org";
    %URI{
      scheme: "https",
      authority: "elixir-lang.org",
      userinfo: nil,
      host: "elixir-lang.org",
      port: 443,
      path: nil,
      query: nil,
      fragment: nil
    }

I believe the advantage is we can make this a macro and thus parse the URI 
string at compile-time
so catch bugs because of incorrect format early (though these are pretty 
uncommon) and also be a
little bit more efficient at runtime.

If added, I'm not sure whether ~URI should use URI.parse or URI.new! under 
the hood so an advice
on that would be appreciated.

This is a separate but related discussion so while at it, I'd like to 
propose adding Inspect
implementation for URI that would return the sigil:

    iex> ~URI"https://elixir-lang.org";
    ~URI"https://elixir-lang.org";

I think more compact representation helps e.g. here. Before:

    iex> Req.new(url: "https://elixir-lang.org";)
    %Req.Request{
      method: :get,
      url: %URI{
        scheme: "https",
        authority: "elixir-lang.org",
        userinfo: nil,
        host: "elixir-lang.org",
        port: 443,
        path: nil,
        query: nil,
        fragment: nil
      },
      headers: [],
      body: nil,
      options: %{},
      ...
    }

After:

    iex> Req.new(url: "https://elixir-lang.org";)
    %Req.Request{
      method: :get,
      url: ~URI"https://elixir-lang.org";,
      headers: [],
      body: nil,
      options: %{},
      ...
    }

On the other hand, seeing the internal representation right away is 
sometimes useful given the URI
format is somewhat subtle.

Before:

    iex> URI.parse("/foo")
    %URI{
      scheme: nil,
      userinfo: nil,
      host: nil,
      port: nil,
      path: "/foo",
      query: nil,
      fragment: nil
    }
    iex> URI.parse("//foo")
    %URI{
      scheme: nil,
      authority: "foo",
      userinfo: nil,
      host: "foo",
      port: nil,
      path: nil,
      query: nil,
      fragment: nil
    }

After:

    iex> URI.parse("/foo")
    ~URI"/foo"
    iex> URI.parse("//foo")
    ~URI"//foo"

I think this downside can be alleviated by adding `IEx.Info` implementation 
along these lines:

    iex> i URI.parse("/foo")
    Term
      ~URI"/foo"
    Data type
      URI
    Raw representation
      %URI{
        scheme: nil,
        userinfo: nil,
        host: nil,
        port: nil,
        path: "/foo",
        query: nil,
        fragment: nil
      }

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