Arlen Olive wrote: > My question is how to define "warm" or "not hot > enough to cause burn injury". Are there applicable > guidelines?
Sorry for taking so long to dig out a response to several of the thermal injury questions which have appeared here. A relatively new and useful standard on the subject is European Norm EN 563 "Safety of macninery - Temperature of touchable surfaces - Ergonomics data to establish temperature limit values for hot surfaces" It contains temperature versus time curves for burn risk. It covers assorted materials such as metal, plastic, wood, ceramics, coatings, etc. A useful reference document for any product safety engineer dealing with burn risks.

