Dear all, Sorry for making this message so long, but, with all of these viruses going around I suspect that many people simply delete messages with unsolicited attached files. Therefore, I decided to include the attachment content in the message body. I am looking forward to receiving comments from someone.
Regards, Luiz ----- Original Message ----- From: Luiz Claudio To: [email protected] Sent: Tuesday, July 31, 2001 10:13 AM Subject: Tracking Test - IEC60112 Dear colleagues, I am starting an investigation of the main factors affecting the results of the Tracking Test as prescribed by IEC60112. I have researched the web and found some papers about the subject which would be very helpful (although not all following strictly the IEC procedure). Unfortunately, I don't have quick access to any library that could have these papers. Therefore, I kindly ask you to take a look at the attached file and see if you have any of these works. I'm willing to pay for copyrighted material. On the other hand, if you have done similar study concerning this test procedure, I would really appreciate receiving your comments. Best Regards, Luiz Bonilla Joinville - BRAZIL TITLE 1: Thermal aging, water absorption, and their multiple effects on tracking resistance of epoxy for outdoor use Seiji Kumagai, Wang Xinsheng, Noboru Yoshimura Online ISSN: 1520-6416 Print ISSN: 0424-7760 Electrical Engineering in Japan Volume 131, Issue 3, 2000. Pages: 9-18 Abstract: The correlation between tracking resistances of outdoor polymer insulating materials and ambient environmental stresses has been studied. In this study, the tracking resistance variation of a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin filled with high concentration silica powder is investigated as a function of thermal aging and water absorption. Experimental works show that the tracking resistance of this epoxy system is decreased considerably by thermal aging and water absorption. The decrease due to water absorption is found to be an apparent phenomenon because on complete drying treatment, the tracking resistance recovers to its initial state. The combined effect of thermal aging and water absorption makes the tracking resistance decrease to a greater extent than each stress individually. In addition, the tracking resistance of epoxy that is aged by thermal treatment and further water absorption-drying treatment cannot recover to its pre-water-absorption state. Mechanisms of the tracking resistance variations of this epoxy system resulting from thermal aging and water absorption are discussed. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(3): 9-18, 2000 TITLE 2: Investigation of the voltage life of mica-alumina composite insulation at high temperatures Hisayasu Mitsui 1, Ryoji Kumazawa 1, Rie Aizawa 1, Tatsuki Okamoto 2, Tetsuo Ito 2, Masaki Kanegami 2 , 1Toshiba Corporation, Japan , 2 Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Japan Abstract: Experiments and investigations were carried out on the voltage life of a bar-coil model with a nickel-plated copper conductor covered with mica-alumina composite insulation at a temperature range of 550-850 °C. Diffusion of copper into the insulation layer was observed on the specimens aged for a long period. Insulation with mica paper gave faster diffusion speed and shorter voltage life than insulation with mica flake. The diffusion speed became higher with an increase in temperature. The ac current gradually increased with aging time and increased rapidly just before breakdown. There was the relationship I = aEn (a, n: constants) between ac current I and applied stress E, and n was approximately equal to 1 in the region where thermal unbalance did not occur. Arrhenius's law held in the relationship between ac current and aging time. Therefore, the breakdown mechanism might be that the effective insulation thickness decreased due to copper diffusion into the insulation layer and the ac current increased gradually until thermal breakdown in the last stage. If copper diffuses into the insulation layer, even with no voltage application, the aging time required to decrease the breakdown voltage to a certain level (the voltage life) obeys Arrhenius's law. If the voltage life is dominated by diffusion into the insulation layer, the activation energy for voltage life in the aging test becomes twice that for diffusion, both with and without voltage application. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(4): 24-31, 1999 Effects of Particle Size of Al(OH)3 on Electrical Properties of EPDM Compounds Polymer Engineering & Science: Apr. 2000 Cheol Ho Lee, Sang Wook Kim, Jin Ho Nam, Kwang S. Suh Effects of particle size of Al(OH)3 (ATH) filler on electrical properties of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM)/ATH compounds were studied. It was found that tracking and erosion resistance of EPDM/ATH compounds decreased while dielectric properties and 90°C water resistance were improved with the increase of particle size. Homocharge accumulates in the compounds, which increases first and then decreases with the increase of particle size. This was explained by the change of particle-to-particle distance due to filler size. TITLE 3 - TRACKING INDEX OF FLAME RETARDED NYLON AND PBTP -Abstract- Studies were made of the sensitivity to surface tracking of non-reinforced and glass fibre-reinforced nylon 6, nylon 66 and PBTP containing a cycloaliphatic chlorinated flame retardant in combination with various synergists. In the case of the polyamides, mixed synergists could be used to lower the level of flame retardant and improve the electrical properties. By the choice of the correct synergists, comparative tracking index (CTI) values of up to 600 volts could be obtained. The only synergist effective for PBTP was antimony oxide, and PBTP showed lower CTI values than the polyamides. In most cases the addition of glass fibres had a negative effect on the CTI. 3 refs. -Language- English -Authors- Markezich R L -Affiliations- Occidental Chemical Corp. -Corporate_Editor- SPE -Publication_Name- Antec '93. Conference Proceedings -Citation- New Orleans, La., 9th-13th May 1993, Vol.II, p.1739-44. 012 -Trade_Names- DECHLORANE PLUS -Locations- USA TITLE 4 - FM MOULDING COMPOUNDS. COMPARISON OF TEST STANDARDS ACCORDING TO ISO, DIN, ASTM, JIS AND BS -Abstract- Testing of thermosetting moulding compounds and moulding materials is discussed with reference to practice-relevant characteristic values, testing, materials, dimensioning ans service properties. Flow diagrams are including showing the tasks of the designer and the testing and selection of materials. Information is given on the preparation of test specimens, a comparison of test, tracking tests, and a description of test procedures is included. -Language- English -Affiliations- Bakelite AG -Citation- Duisburg, 1996, pp.67. 12 ins. 8/7/97. -Locations- EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; EUROPEAN UNION; GERMANY; WESTERN EUROPE TITLE 5 - BS 5604:1986. METHODS FOR EVALUATING RESISTANCE TO TRACKING AND EROSION OF ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS USED UNDER SEVERE AMBIENT CONDITIONS -Abstract- Test procedures for materials for use at power frequencies 48 to 62 Hz, using a liquid contaminant and inclined plane specimens. Implements CENELEC HD 380. -Language- English -Affiliations- BRITISH STANDARDS INST. -Citation- London, 1986, pp.12. 12ins. 6E3-98471T -Standards_Number- BSI.BS 5604:1986 -Locations- EUROPEAN COMMUNITY; UK; WESTERN EUROPE TITLE 6 - TRACKING IN SOLID INSULATING MATERIALS: VARIABLES IN THE TEST FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TRACKING. SECTION A: INDUSTRIAL INSULATING MATERIALS -Abstract- In this report details are given of the results of an investigation into the effect of variables in the test for susceptibility to tracking in solid insulating materials, together with details of the findings of other investigators in the same field. 12 refs. -Language- English -Authors- Yarsley V E; Grant W J; Ives G C -Affiliations- ERA Technology Ltd. -Citation- ERA Rept.A/T 136 Leatherhead, 1980, pp.50. 12ins. 6/6/81. 981T -Company_Names- ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD. TITLE 7: EFFECTS OF CARBON BLACKS ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF EPDM COMPOUNDS -Abstract- The correlations between mechanical and electrical properties of EPDM compounds and carbon black types and levels applied are studied. Tensile strength increases with an increase of the carbon black, especially for carbon black with higher surface area. Tracking of EPDM compounds improves when a small amount of relatively non-conductive carbon blacks are added to EPDM compounds, whereas conductive carbon blacks decrease both dielectric properties and tracking resistance of EPDM compounds. Possible reasons for these results are discussed. 13 resf. -Language- English -Authors- Lee C H; Kim S W -Affiliations- Seoul,University -Journal_Name- Journal of Applied Polymer Science -ISSN- 0021-8995 -Citation- 78, No.14, 27th Dec.2000, p.2540-6 -Locations- KOREA TITLE 8: COMMENTS ON A TEST FOR TRACKING PROPOSED BY THE I.E.C.: SECTION A: INDUSTRIAL INSULATING MATERIALS -Abstract- Information is given on the proposed I.E.C. method of test, and the British method of test for tracking in industrial insulating materials. An examination by the E.R.A. of the proposed I.E.C. tracking test is discussed. -Language- English -Affiliations- ERA Technology Ltd. -Citation- ERA Rept.A/T 146 Leatherhead, 1980, pp.24. 12ins. 6/6/81/ 981T -Company_Names- ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD. TITLE 9: THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC INSULATING MATERIALS IN RELATION TO THE MECHANISM OF TRACKING -Abstract- The purpose of this report is to bring together relevant items recorded in existing literature, to report on some experiments made to extend this information, and to point out its bearing on the tracking behaviour of various solid insulating materials. 46 refs. -Language- English -Authors- Yarsley V E; Grant W J; Ives G C -Affiliations- ERA Technology Ltd. -Citation- ERA Rept.L/T 274 Leatherhead, 1980, pp.13. 12ins. 6/6/81. 981 -Company_Names- ERA TECHNOLOGY LTD. ------------------------------------------- This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product Safety Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list. 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