Years ago Digital Equipment Corporation had problems with power distribution in office module systems. As I recall, it was a combination of phase balancing of loads and harmonic currents in the neutral. A module system which distributed three phase 5 wire power and indicated the phase connection with a number on each receptacle was designed specifically for DEC by the module manufacturer and later put on the general market. I don't know who made the system and couldn't tell you how to contact anyone involved.

I was also aware of some transformers at DEC which were damaged by third harmonic currents. A periodic maintenance inspection program was put in place to monitor transformer delta and phase currents. They also did periodic thermal imaging of circuit breaker panels as part of this program, but I don't believe that was due to harmonic currents. My first experience with third harmonics was with mercury vapor lighting fixtures which were connected phase to phase. High currents circulating in the delta connected load overheated the ballast windings. One way of protecting transformers (and neutral wiring) from odd harmonic currents is to use four pole breakers, with the fourth pole in series with the delta, or in the neutral of the wye.


Gary McInturff wrote:

Years ago when switch mode power supplies were really first being introduced, we had a number of them installed in cubicles in a new building. We were the first occupants. We started having a rash of fires that were starting in the outlet receptacles in the cubicles. The building management teams went looking for the causes and we found no imbalance in the power distribution etc. The world looked good to them. Still the fires continued (quickly extinguished at the source mind you so they never spread) but it was observed that those offices that were have a problem all had the equipment with the switch mode supplies, and we quickly shuffled those around and the fires quit. Neither the building engineers or we EE's had any clue about harmonics on problems with these so that wasn't looked at and I can't say for certain that was the reason, but after shifting the load of the switch mode supplies around on different branch circuits the problem stopped. So I certainly have my suspicions.

    Gary

    -----Original Message[Gary McInturff] ut  -----
    From: John Juhasz [mailto:[email protected]]
    Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 10:37 AM
    To: 'Rich Nute'; [email protected]
    Subject: RE: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.
Rich, I would think that you knew that this would generate discussion? One comment of Mr Hunter's that stood out in particular was the very last . . . " . . . the only ones who benefit from the harmonic current emission standard
    are the European electricity distributors.  They "avoid
    investments in bolstering their networks against the
    theoretical harmonics risk" at the cost of manufacturers
    and consumers."
I would say that this senitment has been echoed by many compliance engineers. But the comment is 'non-technical' . . . can anyone in this forum offer
    any 'technical' arguments that would a)Back-up such a statement as
    Mr. Hunter's or b) FAVOR the harmonic standard?
I like to give the benefit of the doubt that the standard was created based
    on sound technical evidence.
John Juhasz
    Fiber Options
    Bohemia, NY
-----Original Message-----
    From: Rich Nute [mailto:[email protected]]
    Sent: Monday, February 26, 2001 12:11 PM
    To: [email protected]
    Subject: Harmonics -- WSJ opinion.
With thanks to Ed Jones... On Thusday, February 22, The Wall Street Journal Europe
    published an interesting opinion on the harmonic current
    emissions standard.
The opinion is by Rob Hunter, a lawyer and Chairman of
    the Centre for the New Europe, a Brussels-based think
    tank.
Mr. Hunter is quite critical of the EU "New Approach"
    process.  He says:
"In this procedure, the EU sets vague safety and
        technical rules for everything from toys to super-
        computers -- for example, toys shall be 'safe.'  The
        EU then delegates to private standardization bodies
        the drafting of detailed requirements explaining
        what the delphic rules mean."
"The supposed advantage of this New Approach is
        twofold.  For industry, it gets to write the detailed
        rules applying to it.  For the Commission, the New
        Approach frees it from a burdenom task; it also
        allows the Commission to claim that it has nothing to
        do with writing the standards, and hence cannot be
        held responsible."
"All this sounds quite above-board. It isn't." "For one thing, the standards are not merelay a means
        of proving compliance with the underlying legislation.
        They actually determine the meaning of the law itself."
Mr. Hunter discusses "...the way these standard-setting
    bodies can be gamed by industry insiders for advantage."
Mr. Hunter goes on to show how the New Approach process
    allows the Commission to sidestep "...WTO laws prohibiting
    'mandatory' product measures that create 'unnecessary
    obstacles' to international trade."
Mr. Hunter's opinion goes on to show that the only ones
    who benefit from the harmonic current emission standard
    are the European electricity distributors.  They "avoid
    investments in bolstering their networks against the
    theoretical harmonics risk" at the cost of manufacturers
    and consumers.
Best regards,
    Rich
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