I've seen some vertical milling setups that have a touch block for 
automatically setting the tool length. I assume the surface of the block is 
insulated from the machine and has a wire to a controller input to sense when 
it's grounded by the tool.

Easy, hands off tool length setting, no need for a measuring fixture and 
tedious manual entry of lengths and keeping them updated when changing tools in 
their holders.

For a lathe you'd want a block set perpendicular to the spindle with its face a 
measured distance out towards the operator, mounted somewhere fixed and always 
accessible. Having it dead on center would get in the way of turning between 
centers, unless mounted to a removable base machined to fit the V ways.

Select the auto center function, slide retracts fully, carriage zips over to 
the touch block, slide advances until making contact and the control knows 
exactly where the tip of the cutter is.

With a removable center block, just place it next to the saddle (it'd need to 
be wide enough to extend over the cross slide), hit the auto center command and 
the cross slide advances until it grounds the touch block or hits its limit and 
displays a "No calibration device found." error.

This could also be used to set a Z axis offset, would need to measure from a 
known point such as the center of the cross slide screw. That touch block would 
need to be in a fixed location.

With the cutter tip point's location in the work envelope known exactly* in X 
and Z, setting parameters like diameter to cut to would be very easy.

*Assuming vertical mill axis convention where Z is in line with the spindle, X 
is crosswise to the spindle/head support, Y perpendicular to the spindle/head 
support.

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