Pro's:
1. More precise control of stepper motors. The encoder in the motor, if optical so its instant, controls the motor much more precisely. If in stopping the motor, rotor inertia causes even a 1 count overshoot, the controller instantly reverses the motor to correct its position.

Con's:
This means the 42C series of these motors are not usable because the internal time lag of converting their hall effect encoder into something usable in an AB + index, in feedback circles is a Nyequist error, they cannot be used in a moving position mode since they move in jerks. Stationary they are very accurate, moving they are a disaster.

Pro:
2. The magnitude of the error controls the motor current. So they use only as much current as it takes to move the machine to the position the stepper driver, connected directly to the motion output, requests, a savings that can be seen in the monthly power bill, and motors run a lot cooler.

Pro:
3. unlike std steppers, these controllers have an output that in the event they meet an immovable object and lose home, linuxcnc can be stopped so fast the part is not damaged Move the tool that caused the stop out of the way, rehome that axis (or the whole machine if toggling F2 as e-stop was used for the stopper) and run from where it got stopped.

I wish I could post pictures, but John has never allowed me to post one yet in 20+ years. The same gcode sent to two printers, one with input shaping tuned and enabled, one retrofitted with stepper/servos for xy. Text is engraved indicating the tooth shape version, and size of the maple screw, on the unused sides of the half nut. I can print and read it because I know what it says, but you can clearly read it made on the printer with the stepper/servos and no input shaping, running at twice the speed of the high priced printer and nearly 10x the speed that printer had OOTB 3 years ago.

Cheers, Gene Heskett, CET.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis


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