In the old days there were huge differences in how they were controlled.  But 
today we use microcontrollers for everything.    SO there is some convergence 
but still I think we can see differences in the physical motors

1) Stepper is just a BLDC motor is “dozens” of poles and perhaps two or three 
phases.  Traditionally there were controlled with square waves,   But now we we 
some “closed loop steppers” controlled with analog sine waves.

2) BLDC is typically a three-phase motor that in the past might have been run 
with square wave generated by switches.    But today we have Bosch more 
sophisticated “FOC” controllers even if some still do use Hall effect switches.

3) A three-phase motor that even in the old days was powered by three-phase AC, 
Now that BLDC motors can be controlled this way too I wonder two things (1) are 
they really different and (2) how were they traditionally controlled before we 
had microcontrollers that could generate waveforms in software?


Of the above for my interrest ig robotics the exciting kind is the BLDC 
controled by FOC.  These give the best power to weight and best control over 
acceleration and position.  If you see a humanoid robot, it is because of these 
motors and the huge energy stored in lithium batteries.

How would you like to write the “g-code” for this machine (28 axes). 
https://youtu.be/I44_zbEwz_w



> On Jul 16, 2025, at 4:56 AM, Stuart Stevenson <stus...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> What is the difference between:
> 
> 1: stepper/servo (Hanpose, et al)
> 
> 2: BLDC servo
> 
> 3: A/C servo
> 
> It seems to me to be describing the same technology.
> 
> Thanks
> 
> Stuart Stevenson
> 4638 Farmstead Ct
> Bel Aire, Kansas 67220
> 316 258 0953
> stus...@gmail.com
> 
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