RE: How far can radio signals penetrate through ice?

[Schmidt Mickey D Civ HQ USAFA/DF]

I am skeptic about the signal in bone rate. Sound travels through bone very rapidly akin to dense wood. Think of the hearing aids that send signals through the bone.  Diamond only slows light down 50% or so.   Mickey   -----Original Message----- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Paul Lavin Sent: Monday, October 11, 2004 3:11 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: RE: How far can radio signals penetrate through ice?   I'm not sure that the whales "communicate" over 100s of miles but their vocalisations can probably be heard that far away. Let's not forget that it takes some signals years to penetrate a quarter of an inch of bone... even at close range. ;-) Paul At 02:41 11/10/2004, you wrote: In the oil and gas business, seismic (sonar) description of rock formations is pretty accurate down to around 20,000 feet, then starts to get a bit fuzzy.   On earth, elephants use low frequency sound to communicate over 10's of miles, through air.   In the oceans, many whale species utilize the lower frequencies of sound to communicate over vast distances, apparently in the 100's of miles, perhaps further.   Best bet for sound answers (sorry), check with a whale person.   Any whale people listening?  I'm typing at a really low frequency ...   Incidentally, I'm back in SE Asia, so I'll be sharing the same clock as Michael T for a few years. Jack W. Reeve -----Original Message----- From: LARRY KLAES [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Saturday 09 October 2004 16:00 To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: How far can radio signals penetrate through ice? So maybe we can drop a large flat antenna on Icepick's landing site on Europa first, one that can be folded up for the trip and deployed when on the moon's surface.  No, I am not trying to be funny.   But wait - how big will Icepick have to be to receive and send data?   Larry   ----- Original Message ----- From: James McEnanly To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Saturday, October 09, 2004 2:57 PM Subject: Re: How far can radio signals penetrate through ice? Usually it is by way of Extremely Low Frequencies. The antennae y=used for this are often acres, if not square miles in size. LARRY KLAES <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: I know this may be under the Classified category, but have submarines found ways to send signals through the ice packs when in the Arctic Ocean?  I am just wondering if a similar technique could be used for Icepick so it doesn't have to drag a long cable after itself from the Europan surface.   Thanks,   Larry       Sincerely   James McEnanly __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com Paul Lavin The inventor of the phonograph thought he was inventing voicemail. Alexander Graham Bell was trying to invent muzak, not the telephone.  What is obvious now was far from obvious then.  What is obvious now is very likely to be wrong in twenty years. +44 (0) 78 5541 1391 mobile +44 (0) 20 7291 0991 London office +44 (0) 15 8246 2720 home office +44 (0) 15 8246 2536 home fax