On Sat, Dec 6, 2025 at 7:34 PM Alan Grayson <[email protected]> wrote:

>
*> Lately, I've watching videos about the animal kingdom, and I am
> beginning to question Darwin's claim of evolution by natural selection. I
> wonder; how does this explain the appearance of defensive horns on some
> animals, like the Rhinoceros, and not on others, such as the Zebra? **Does
> Natural Selection mean that random changes in an animal's body, such as a
> very small horn on a Rhonoceros initially, gives it some minor competitive
> advantage, and that horn grows bigger over time, again randomly, until it
> gets large as we see today?*


*If a rhino has a gene for producing a slightly larger horn and that gives
it a small competitive advantage, either by becoming a better fighter or
because female rhinos think big horns are sexy (sexual selection is the
reason male peacocks have such ridiculously large tail feathers) then that
gene is more likely to enter the next generation. The reason the horn on a
rhino is not even larger is because Evolution doesn't have infinite
resources at its disposal, so if you do more of one thing then you must do
less of some other thing, and that other thing may have more survival value
that a larger horn.*


> *> And yet on other specie of plant eaters, like Zebra, no such process
> occurred? *
>

*Natural Selection can only select from among the genes that are available,
apparently in horse-like animals such as zebras random mutation never
produced a proto horn gene, and that's why Evolution never produced a
unicorn, although if random chance had been slightly different it would
have. However the ancestors of zebras did have a gene, produced by random
mutation, that no rino had, that caused a slight variation in the color of
its fur, and that gave a zebra a slight advantage because it turns out that
disease carrying tsetse flies and horseflies have trouble landing on
striped surfaces because the stripes interferes with the flies visual
systems causing them to abort landing on them.*

*If you're really interested in this sort of thing you should read (or
listen to on Audible) Richard Dawkins wonderful book "The Selfish Gene",
it's one of the 3 or 4 best books I've ever read in my life, and I read a
lot.  *

*John K Clark    See what's on my new list at  Extropolis
<https://groups.google.com/g/extropolis>*

ax9

>
>

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