Amazing. Can't help to bet on a substitution level, perhaps ... Wait
to see the DNA or RNA polymerases in action, if that is possible?
Bruno
On 08 Oct 2014, at 22:23, Platonist Guitar Cowboy wrote:
Breaking diffraction barrier in fluorescence microscopy:
From: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOVTS1lzRLQ
From Guardian:
In what has become known as nanoscopy, scientists visualise the
pathways of individual molecules inside living cells. They can see
how molecules create synapses between nerve cells in the brain; they
can track proteins involved in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and
Huntington's diseases as they aggregate; they follow individual
proteins in fertilised eggs as these divide into embryos.
It was all but obvious that scientists should ever be able to study
living cells in the tiniest molecular detail. In 1873, the
microscopist Ernst Abbe stipulated a physical limit for the maximum
resolution of traditional optical microscopy: it could never become
better than 0.2 micrometres.
Eric Betzig, Stefan W Hell and William E Moerner are awarded the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014 for having bypassed this limit. Due to
their achievements the optical microscope can now peer into the
nanoworld.
Two separate principles are rewarded. One enables the method
stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, developed by Stefan
Hell in 2000. Two laser beams are utilised; one stimulates
fluorescent molecules to glow, another cancels out all fluorescence
except for that in a nanometre-sized volume. Scanning over the
sample, nanometre for nanometre, yields an image with a resolution
better than Abbe's stipulated limit.
Eric Betzig and William Moerner, working separately, laid the
foundation for the second method, single-molecule microscopy. The
method relies upon the possibility to turn the fluorescence of
individual molecules on and off. Scientists image the same area
multiple times, letting just a few interspersed molecules glow each
time. Superimposing these images yields a dense super-image resolved
at the nanolevel. In 2006 Eric Betzig utilised this method for the
first time.
Today, nanoscopy is used worldwide and new knowledge of greatest
benefit to mankind is produced on a daily basis.
http://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2014/oct/08/nobel-prize-chemistry-2014-announcement-live
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