The average kinetic energy of an air molecule is zero, I imagine, because they're all travelling in different directions and cancel out? Or doesn't it work like that?
On 21 November 2014 13:09, meekerdb <[email protected]> wrote: > On 11/20/2014 3:57 PM, George wrote: > > Thanks Bruno, Liz and Richard for your responses. > > The topic is extremely controversial… It took me a few months of > sleepless nights to come to term with these ideas…. but let reason prevail. > I am looking forward to an open and rational discussion… a background in > statistical thermodynamics would be helpful. > > Bruno, you may not be able to download my pdf file because your Adobe > Reader is not up to date. If you wish I could simply attach these files to > my email. Please let me know. You asked me to summarize my post. The best > way is with pictures taken from my paper#2. > https://sites.google.com/a/entropicpower.com/entropicpower-com/Thermoelectric_Adiabatic_Effects_Due_to_Non-Maxwellian_Carrier_Distribution.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1 > (Currently under review) > > Figure 7 shows what happens to the energy distribution of a Maxwellian > gas (e.g. air) as molecules rise from ground level (red) to a given > altitude (blue). Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy and the > distribution shifts to the left. > > > Am I correctly interpreting this curve as showing that the kinetic energy > probability density function is an exponential; so that the most probable > kinetic energy for an air molecule is zero?? Why isn't it the > Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution? > > Brent > > > However when the distribution is renormalized as shown in Figure 8, the > original distribution is recovered, implying that the gas is isothermal > with elevation. The Second Law is upheld and Loschmidt is proven wrong….. > but only with respect to Maxwellian gases. > > Now see what happens when a Fermi-Dirac gas (carriers in a > semiconductor) is subjected to a force field as shown in Figure 9. The > distribution is shifted to the left as elevation increases. However, > renormalization does not recover the original distribution because it is > not exponential. The lower elevation has a higher temperature than the > higher elevation. The Second Law is broken. This effect can only be > observed in high quality thermoelectric materials (Caltech experiment). > > I have made this calculator program and a simulator publicly available > at my web site. > > *Figure. 7.* Un-normalized Maxwell distribution at ground (red/thick) > and at non-zero elevation (blue/thin) showing a shift to a lower kinetic > energy, a drop in density and a drop in temperature. > > *Figure. 8.* Renormalized shifted Maxwell distribution at non-zero > elevation (blue/thin) is identical to original non-shifted distribution at > ground level (red/thick). > > *Figure. 11.* Un-normalized Fermi-Dirac distribution at ground > (red/thick) and non-zero elevation (blue/thin) showing drop in density and > drop in temperature. > > *Figure. 12.* Renormalized Fermi-Dirac distributions at ground level > (red/thick) and at elevation (blue/thin) are different. Elevation lowers > energy and temperature of gas. > > > > Please look on the right of the pictures for the temperatures at the > ceiling and at the floor. > > George Levy > > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Everything List" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/everything-list. > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/everything-list. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.
