On Saturday, July 20, 2019 at 7:25:06 PM UTC-5, Brent wrote:
>
> Permanent magnets have an excess of electron magnetic moments aligned and 
> so they must also have their spins aligned.  Has anyone directly measured 
> the excess spin angular momentum of a permanent magnet?
>
> Brent
>


Ferromagnetism depends on magnetic moments of electron spins and the 
angular momentum of the electron orbit, where energetically it is favorable 
for alignment. Lots of experiments have been performed to measure spins.

LC
 

>
> On 7/20/2019 1:05 PM, Lawrence Crowell wrote:
>
> It is spin-spin coupling, which must by some means be quite strong, and 
> this orientation is conserved even if the atoms are in motion. The next 
> step is whether a magnetized gas can exist. 
>
> LC
>
> On Friday, July 19, 2019 at 11:18:22 AM UTC-5, John Clark wrote: 
>>
>> Ferrofluids have been around since 1963 but have only a modest attraction 
>> to an external magnetic field and loose all magnetism once the external 
>> field is removed. In today's issue of the journal Science it is reported 
>> that for the first time a liquid has been found that is Ferromagnetic, that 
>> is to say the attraction to an external magnetic field is much stronger and 
>> even more important it retains it's magnetism even when the external field 
>> is turned off. A liquid permanent magnet could have applications ranging 
>> from robot muscles to steering anticancer drugs to a tumor. 
>>
>> An attractive, reshapable material 
>> <https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6450/219>
>>
>> John K Clark
>>
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