The idea that some clocks run slower than others is a confusion. Talk of clocks in general relativity always refers to ideal clocks that, by definition, run at identical rates when compared at the same place.  "Running slow" really refers to taking a shorter path (less elapsed proper time) thru spacetime, as reflected in the metric.  As AG noted the "running slow" relation is symmetric; so it can't be invariant.

Using the CMB is an operational way to define a global time.  It is the same as co-moving coordinates in which matter is, on average, stationary.  But it is a good/useful coordinate system because it makes the representation of an FLRW model simple.  There's an implicit assumption that the universe is homogenous and isotropic, which implies that it satisfies an FLRW model.  With that assumption a measurement of curvature locally can be extended to infer the whole spacetime.  Space can be flat while spacetime is curved, so as to be open or closed.

Brent

On 1/29/2020 12:57 AM, Alan Grayson wrote:
Considering the distant galaxies, they're receding at near light speed. So according to SR, their clocks should be ticking at a much slower rates than, say, a local clock in our galaxy. OTOH, there's a physical clock for the entire universe; namely, the temperature of the CMBR. If we tell time by this clock, all clock readings of all galaxies are identical. So which is it? Are clocks in distant galaxies running slower than a local clock in our galaxy, or are both clocks running at the same rate? TIA, AG
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