Philip Benjamin Monday, May 9, 2022 9:13 AM 'general_the...@googlegroups.com'
<general_the...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: RE: [Consciousness-Online] FW: Is Artificial Life Conscious?
[Philip Benjamin]
As for Wikipedia, there is no contradiction here! As far as chemistry is
concerned an atom is the smallest unit of matter for any chemical bonds. No
atom, no chemistry. As for the British Encyclopedia, "without the release of
electrically charged particles" (i.e. before division into constituent
fundamental particles) is the keynote. It is high time that the sciences think
in terms of Dark atoms and their Dark chemistries.
Brilliant Niels Bohr and his ardent followers did not think in terms of
chemistry. There are physicists who still think of Socialist PAGAN Hitler and
Marxist PAGAN Stalin and Fascist PAGAN Mussolini or appeaser-occultist PAGAN
Neville Chamberlain still carrying out their activities in the Many Worlds!!
Absurdly, they have no need of a Many World chemistry!! There are eminent
physicists who follow the late brilliant physicist Stephen Hawking in proposing
"self-creation" of the Universe (Many Worlds?), without being aware of the
basic logical Law of Noncontradiction" and the basic laws of chemistry.
Philip Benjamin
(Nonconformist to anarchist Marxist pagan globalism of WAMP-the-Ingrate)
From: 'Rosemary via Consciousness-Online
general_the...@googlegroups.com<mailto:general_the...@googlegroups.com>>
Sent: Sunday, May 8, 2022 3:02 PM Subject: RE: [Consciousness-Online] FW: Is
Artificial Life Conscious?
Dear Philip,
Definition from Encyclopaedia Britannica
An atom, is the smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the
release of electrically charged particles. It is also the smallest unit of
matter that has the
characteristic<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcharacteristic&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=1GhSNQD4j7yKeVqd6ldYlebBw9cAz2aIsWT1ttppeeU%3D&reserved=0>
properties of a chemical
element<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fchemical-element&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Vi%2FGqQZcBT6Z9sbVW4LgP7jsJdEE9A29aXAYazL3EhI%3D&reserved=0>.
As such, the atom is the basic building block of
chemistry<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fchemistry&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=yFkcXgnIY3GuW5QPq8VZSCz3ov%2B7eMD77fl5joOB03s%3D&reserved=0>.
Definition according to Wikipedia
An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary
matter<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMatter&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=Pf84PtWWV%2B6ND5iy9u8B7uuhp%2FLQIHg%2Bggdj0RQxDgM%3D&reserved=0>
that forms a chemical
element<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChemical_element&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=qXAvfjxBFel4PFx4RlFgSu%2FKnLpnDme1LCmM8lDxQNI%3D&reserved=0>.
Every
solid<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSolid&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=4ntZBHvUZXwdmnPRhxXl1DJA0QQoMTapSG6gGdCTNPg%3D&reserved=0>,
liquid<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLiquid&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=2LE0WYzsoU5WtyyyhGMMcY8CaiBNZkScU1UwsnehLwM%3D&reserved=0>,
gas<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGas&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=wI2AnfZ088EbYa3UIcx6O4JNdLxAJNuYPyH11sMQAyM%3D&reserved=0>,
and
plasma<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPlasma_(physics)&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=gE%2FEwgM%2FOOchzFW49k7ZH6W2gpTKiUI25UW7ZgxYV0Y%3D&reserved=0>
is composed of neutral or
ionized<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIonization&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=jduklGmjyRHVjHqM%2BO7rD2QBYy%2FegDza44R6L06ONCw%3D&reserved=0>
atoms. Atoms are extremely small, typically around 100
picometers<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPicometer&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=zxaLNIsDj7TGcXuYkUm%2Bl6rYu2lsr2a%2Fu546SIxA5oU%3D&reserved=0>
across. They are so small that accurately predicting their behavior using
classical
physics<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FClassical_physics&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=XJKruL4YEqSrbfZDTdexxpQDTl41eSpGfTXOl66BHpU%3D&reserved=0>-as
if they were tennis
balls<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTennis_ball&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=fe6oujtdzLQTUzraC5R1ltd7OladCMmHvKLEwjzklqs%3D&reserved=0>,
for example-is not possible due to quantum
effects<https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FQuantum_mechanics&data=05%7C01%7C%7C325f3f5df33948abf3c908da312da656%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637876369388668842%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=2sxPsl6QHGRNNNOOxkMMFsfYFsi8aj3uYsHo9i1QuUY%3D&reserved=0>.
Overall, it appears that 'science' has multiple definitions for a thing, and a
very long time ago it was established that it is impossible to determine laws
or theses until all one's terms are defined - that you have a common language.
And I have just discovered three definitions, none of which agree, about one of
the most important things in chemistry and physics. It is no wonder no women
want to go into science as it is now, as the first thing a woman [or child]
would ask is - yes but what is it? And the answer seems to be 'scientists'
don't know.
Incidentally one could argue logically that if there are no definitions that
can be agreed upon, no 'science' has taken place for quite a long time. It
seems that your red and my red and wikipedia's red and britannica's red are all
different.
I find it quite extraordinary that two respected sources [and a third if we
count your good self] can't produce a common definition. Is your particle
Britannica's particle? Where are particles in Wikipedia?
I am not trying to be obstructive here, but there are billions in schools and
universities being taught this stuff - why on earth should they bother if the
top brass can't even agree on fundamentals?
The only thing that seems common is that 'something' exhibits properties that
tell you what it is. But how it does this is unknown, apparently because no one
has bothered to ask - which let's face it is not very scientific.
Maybe some more fundamental thinking needs to be undertaken going back to some
fundamental 'truths' that can be agreed upon.
best wishes
rosie
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