--- In [email protected], TurquoiseB <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> --- In [email protected], cardemaister <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> > --- In [email protected], "authfriend" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
wrote:
> > > --- In [email protected], cardemaister 
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 
> > > wrote:
> > > > 
> > > > Pedal point represents the unmanifest??
> > > 
> > > Dunno about the pedal point; anybody know what kind
> > > of music they were playing?
<snip>
> > > But the bagpipe may have originated in India as
> > > early as 1500 B.C.  Whether it was invented there
> > > or not, it did originate somewhere in the Middle
> > > East in ancient times, and it's been a common folk
> > > instrument in India for millennia.
> 
> Citations, please, especially for the last sentence,
> and the last word in the sentence.
> 
> I had a friend (Robin Williamson) who was rather
> an authority on musical instruments, being the 
> master of many of them.  The only non-Celtic links 
> he could ever find to the East for the bagpipe were 
> rumors (that is, never any actual instruments) that 
> the Sumerian bagpipes had worked their way East, 
> transported there by Celtic travelers.
> 
> In other words, this rap sounds to me like yet another
> of those Maharishi-inspired fantasies about all things 
> valuable having had their origination in India.  :-)

Nope.  I Googled "bagpipes" 'cause I don't know
much about them.  What I was mainly looking for
was some indication that the drone was anything
more than an artifact of the nature of the
instrument, i.e., whether in Celtic music it was
considered to represent the unmanifest or had some
similar kind of esoteric significance, per eki's
suggestion.

I didn't look long enough to find anything about
that, but I did, to my surprise, find quite a bit
about the bagpipe's Middle Eastern origins, which
I hadn't known about at all.  Nobody seems to 
know for sure where it originated, but India is one
of the guesses, as well as Sumeria and some other
places.

Although physical evidence of actual ancient 
bagpipes is very scarce--apparently because they
were made primarily of animal skin and wood,
and also because it was a peasant or folk
instrument--there's a great deal of literary and
pictorial evidence. There's a Hittite slab from
1000 B.C. that depicts a bagpipe, for instance,
and one is mentioned in the Hebrew Scriptures.
One Web site suggested that the proto-bagpipe (more
the pipes than the bag) was probably the second
musical instrument to evolve after percussion
instruments.

Here's a few sites:

http://tinyurl.com/8yl4w
http://www.benalipipesdrums.org/history.html
http://www.bagpipes-henderson.com/historyBagpipes.html
http://www.skep.com/britton/History.htm
http://users.rcn.com/ceverett.massed/Russian%20Bagpipe%20Paper.htm

> As for their appearance in the "ceremonies," I still
> hold to my theory that Maharishi can't tell the differ-
> ence between true ancient India and the India of
> the British Raj.  They're all muddled up in his mind
> as some pastiche fantasy of a better age in the past.

Could be.  In particular, using the bagpipe for a
"royal" ceremony is more British Raj than native
Indian; as noted, the bagpipe is a folk or peasant
instrument in India.

What I'm curious about is whether there's devotional
music for bagpipe in India, or some form of Ghandarva-
Veda music.





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