There are no bija mantras in the Rig Veda or in the Avesta. The use of bija mantras came during the rise of the tantric sects in the Gupta Age in India. There are no Arabic bija mantras. Bija mantras are used in tantric yoga, which developed after the development of the Indian sects such as Shivaism, Vishnuism, and the Bhakti sects - Ramanuja, Vallabha, Nimbarka, etc.
"Tantrism was most prominent in India between the 8th and 14th centuries CE, when its teachings were widely disseminated, most especially in Kashmir, Bengal, Orissa, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh. The Vaishnava Tantric sects have links to the followers of Chaitanya and are found mainly in Bengal where they are known as the Sahajiyas and Bauls." Work cited: Basham, A. L., The Wonder That Was India: a Survey of the Culture of the Indian Subcontinent before the Coming of the Muslims 2nd. edn. London, 1967.. ---In [email protected], <hepa7@...> wrote : Seems to me 'om' isn't possible in Arabic, because it only has the vowels a, i and u (all of them either short or long)... The Arabic Alphabet: Vowels http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/hist455/vowels/vowels_pres.htm The Arabic Alphabet: Vowels http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/hist455/vowels/vowels_pres.htm Name Character Explanation Pronunciation Example Transcription Damma Damma is an apostrophe-like shape written above the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation. View on web.uvic.ca http://web.uvic.ca/hrd/hist455/vowels/vowels_pres.htm Preview by Yahoo
