Hi,

Something interesting! Now I remember where I took my information from: Undocumented 
DOS, the times of NT4 came later, I guess ;-))

Aitor

> On Wed, 2002-12-04 at 10:34, Aitor Santamaria Merino wrote:
> > > And I'll admit that I don't know much of the internal structure of NT,
> > > but I'm pretty sure that at least until 4.0, you could have device
> > > drivers that would run in kernel mode, which would be indicative of a
> > > monolithic kernel. Perhaps you misunderstood what I meant? (Just
> > > asking 'cause I know that under the best circumstances I can be
> > > cryptic sometimes, lol).
> >
> > No, but I believed that drivers in WinNT run in usermode (ring3) whereas
> > in VMM they run at ring0, or at least, they have IOPL0.
>
> Windows NT 3.1 through 3.51 ran drivers in user mode, Windows NT 4.0 and
> later run drivers in ring 0 for performance reasons.  Microsoft used to
> beat OS/2 up over the fact that OS/2 2.0 the drivers ran in ring 0 and
> so could crash the kernel, but they switched when as a server 0S/2 out
> performed them.
>
> NT was originally headed up by the guy who headed development VMS for
> Digital Equipment Corporation, so there is some similarity there.
>
> Anyway I've had enough of this thread.
>
> Regards,
> Paul

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