TED recently made the David Deutsch's talk entitled "What is our place
in the cosmos?" available on their site. Here is the link to it.
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/47

David Deutsch is a physicist at the University of Oxford. He pioneered
the field of quantum computers, and is a proponent of the many-worlds
interpretation of quantum mechanics.

My notes from the talk:
1) Contrary to the popular belief, human beings are not the hub of existence.
2) Stephen Hawking is famous for saying: "We are just a chemical scum
on the surface of typical planet, which orbits typical star, which is
on the outskirts of a typical galaxy"
3) Is earth a typical place? Not really. Stars and galaxies are not
typical objects in the universe. To get to typical place in the
universe you have to go out 100 million lights years into the
intergalactic space.
4) What does a typical place in the universe looks like? Intergalactic
space is completely dark. So dark that that nearest super nova (star
explosion) will not even register in your eyes. That is how big and
dark the intergalactic space is. It is also very cold out there. It is
less then 3 degrees above absolute zero (i.e. < -270 degrees). It is
very empty. The vacuum there is 1 million times less dense then the
vacuum produced by the best technology on earth.
5) So this is how different a typical place is from earth, and how
untypical earth is from the intergalactic space.
6) So how do we know about an environment that is so far away and alien to us?
7) The earth in the form of human beings is creating knowledge.
8) The physical system "the brain" contains the accurate working model
of the other physical system i.e. the quasars. Not just a superficial
image but also an explanatory model embodying the same mathematical
relationship and causal structure - Now that is Knowledge.
9) The faithfulness with which the one structure resembles the other
is increasing with time. That is the growth of knowledge.
10) We are a chemical scum that is different from everything else. Its
structure contains the knowledge of the structure of everything else,
with ever increasing precision.
11) What is needed to create a open-ended stream of knowledge? Matter
(for knowledge processing and computation), energy (for information
storage), and evidence. The evidence to discover the fundamental truth
of all the science is right here on earth. Our location is saturated
with evidence, matter and energy.
12) Is this unique to earth? Not really. Can this be done in a
"typical" place in the intergalactic space? Why not? In a
comprehensible universe if something isn't prohibited by the laws of
physics then what could possibly prevent us from doing it other then
knowing how? In other words it is a matter of knowledge not resources.
In fact the intergalactic space does contain all the pre-requisites of
the open ended creation of knowledge, only if the knowledge of how to
do so was present there.
13) We are NOT in a uniquely hospitable place.
14) The overwhelmingly majority of species, and civilization that have
ever existed are now extinct. And if we want to be exception to that,
then our only hope is to make use of the one feature that
distinguishes us from rest of the civilizations and species - namely
our special relationship with the law of physics, our ability to
create new explanations, and new knowledge.
15) Ending thoughts: Problems are Soluble. Problems are inevitable
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