Cari Pedro e tutti, a mio modesto giudizio l'unico principio-concetto comune del mondo organico e inorganico è l'INFORMAZIONE nei suoi diversi tipi, La creatività o discontinuità o mutazione è figlia della vitale o neg-entropica asimmetria armonica o della neg-entropica o vitale armonia asimmetrica. L'equilibrio, più invenzione dell'uomo che della natura, è entropico o mortale. Un abbraccio. Francesco
2017-02-28 19:01 GMT+01:00 Dave Kirkland <dkirkl...@btinternet.com>: > Dear Arturo Tozzi and FISers > Thank you for your *very* interesting ideas. For me they raise more > questions: > Why did the number of cosmic symmetries ever *start* diminishing? > Could the whole process be eternally cyclical? > I like your respectful use of capital letters. > My mind boggles. > Best rgds > David > > On 24 Feb 2017, at 15:24, tozziart...@libero.it wrote: > > Dear FISers, > > hi! > > A possible novel discussion (if you like it, of course!): > > > *A SYMMETRY-BASED ACCOUNT OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION* > > After the Big Bang, a gradual increase in thermodynamic entropy is > occurring in our Universe (Ellwanger, 2012). Because of the relationships > between entropy and symmetries (Roldán et al., 2014), the number of > cosmic symmetries, the highest possible at the very start, is declining as > time passes. Here the evolution of living beings comes into play. Life is > a space-limited increase of energy and complexity, and therefore of > symmetries. The evolution proceeds towards more complex systems (Chaisson, > 2010), until more advanced forms of life able to artificially increase the > symmetries of the world. Indeed, the human brains’ cognitive abilities not > just think objects and events more complex than the physical ones existing > in Nature, but build highly symmetric crafts too. For example, human > beings can watch a rough stone, imagine an amygdala and build it from the > same stone. Humankind is able, through its ability to manipulate tools and > technology, to produce objects (and ideas, i.e., equations) with complexity > levels higher than the objects and systems encompassed in the pre-existing > physical world. Therefore, human beings are naturally built by evolution > in order to increase the number of environmental symmetries. This is in > touch with recent claims, suggesting that the brain is equipped with a > number of functional and anatomical dimensions higher than the 3D > environment (Peters et al., 2017). Intentionality, typical of the living > beings and in particular of the human mind, may be seen as a mechanism able > to increase symmetries. As Dante Alighieri stated (*Hell,* *XXVI, > 118-120*), “y*ou were not made to live as brutes, but to follow virtue > and knowledge*”. > > In touch with Spencer’s (1860) and Tyler’s (1881) claims, it looks like > evolutionary mechanisms tend to achieve increases in environmental > complexity, and therefore symmetries (Tozzi and Peters, 2017). Life is > produced in our Universe in order to restore the initial lost symmetries. > At the beginning of life, increases in symmetries are just local, e.g., > they are related to the environmental niches where the living beings are > placed. However, in long timescales, they might be extended to the whole > Universe. For example, Homo sapiens, in just 250.000 years, has been able > to build the Large Hadron Collider, where artificial physical processes > make an effort to approximate the initial symmetric state of the Universe. > Therefore, life is a sort of gauge field (Sengupta et al., 2016), e.g., a > combination of forces and fields that try to counterbalance and restore, in > very long timescales, the original cosmic symmetries, lost after the Big > Bang. Due to physical issues, the “homeostatic” cosmic gauge field must be > continuous, e.g., life must stand, proliferate and increase in complexity > over very long timescales. This is the reason why every living being has > an innate tendency towards self-preservation and proliferation. With the > death, continuity is broken. This talks in favor of intelligent life > scattered everywhere in the Universe: if a few species get extinct, others > might continue to proliferate and evolve in remote planets, in order to > pursue the goal of the final symmetric restoration. In touch with long > timescales’ requirements, it must be kept into account that life has been > set up after a long gestation: a childbearing which encompasses the cosmic > birth of fermions, then atoms, then stars able to produce the more > sophisticated matter (metals) required for molecular life. > > A symmetry-based framework gives rise to two opposite feelings, by our > standpoint of human beings. On one side, we achieve the final answer to > long-standing questions: “*why are we here?*”, “*Why does the evolution > act in such a way?*”, an answer that reliefs our most important concerns > and gives us a *sense*; on the other side, however, this framework does > not give us any hope: we are just micro-systems programmed in order to > contribute to restore a partially “broken” macro-system. And, in case we > succeed in restoring, through our mathematical abstract thoughts and > craftsmanship, the initial symmetries, we are nevertheless doomed to die: > indeed, the environment equipped with the starting symmetries does not > allow the presence of life. > > > > *REFERENCES* > > 1) Chaisson EJ. 2010. Energy Rate Density as a Complexity Metric > and Evolutionary Driver. Complexity, v 16, p 27, 2011; DOI: > 10.1002/cplx.20323. > > 2) Ellwanger U. 2012. From the Universe to the Elementary > Particles. A First Introduction to Cosmology and the Fundamental > Interactions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-642-24374-5. > > 3) Peters JF, Ramanna S, Tozzi A, Inan E. 2017. Frontiers Hum > Neurosci. BOLD-independent computational entropy assesses functional > donut-like structures in brain fMRI image. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00038. > > 4) Sengupta B, Tozzi A, Coray GK, Douglas PK, Friston KJ. 2016. > Towards a Neuronal Gauge Theory. PLOS Biology 14 (3): e1002400. > doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002400. > > 5) Spencer H. 1860. System of Synthetic Philosophy. > > 6) Roldán E, Martínez IA, Parrondo JMR, Petrov D. 2014. Universal > features in the energetics of symmetry breaking. *Nat. Phys. 10*, 457–461. > > 7) Tozzi A, Peters JF. 2017. Towards Topological Mechanisms > Underlying Experience Acquisition and Transmission in the Human Brain. > J.F. Integr. psych. behav. doi:10.1007/s12124-017-9380-z > > 8) Tyler EB. 1881. Anthropology: an Introduction to the Study of > Man and Civilization. > > > > > *Arturo Tozzi* > > AA Professor Physics, University North Texas > > Pediatrician ASL Na2Nord, Italy > > Comput Intell Lab, University Manitoba > > http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/ > > _______________________________________________ > Fis mailing list > Fis@listas.unizar.es > http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis > > > > _______________________________________________ > Fis mailing list > Fis@listas.unizar.es > http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis > >
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