prologue:
Leonardo Da Vinci, 1493: "Put the white into an earthen pot, and lay it no
thicker than a string, and let it stand in the sun undisturbed for 2 days;
and in the morning when the sun has dried off the night dew."
fragment 1.
The world's largest paint manufacturing plant is located in Garland, Texas,
and it's owned and operated by Sherwin Williams. The facility can make 3600
gallons of paint per hour! No wonder they claim "we could paint the world"!
But while all of us want to redecorate or retouch the paint in our homes,
most of us never think "Gee, what really goes into a can of paint?" Paint is
made up of pigments (colors) water, soaps, surfactants and other chemicals.
It's sort of like being a chef, you have to have the right recipe for the
final product to be excellent. First, workers use specific recipes to mix
pigments to create the color asked for by clients. Then the pigments are
taken by the ton, bagged and poured by hand into a 3000 gallon mixer.
Imagine a giant blender 20 feet deep, and that's exactly how paint begins.
Water is added to the pigments, and computers control other chemicals that
go into the batch.
fragment 2.
The name terre verte is applied to several different minerals, but most
importantly in medieval painting is the light, cold green of celadonite,
found chiefly in small deposits in rock in the area of Verona, Italy. The
chief deposits of glauconite which yield the yellowish and olive sorts are
in Czechoslovakia. Today the color is chiefly a durable mixture of chromium
oxide, black, white and ochre, since the natural product is scarcely
obtainable, though possible with effort.
fragment 3.
It has been said that in the 19th century, Albert Kikkert, one of the
Governors of the Antilles in command during that period, found that he was
blinded by the bright tropical sun shining on the white buildings of
Cura�ao. He at once demanded that all the buildings on the island be painted
other colors. Since then, the island enjoys the tradition of beautiful
Antillean colors.
fragment 4.
Shanghai Shengxing Resin &Paint Co., Ltd is a paint manufacturer
specializing on complement paint for port machines and large steel
structures. Our company has advanced manufacturing facilities and testing
instruments, with a total output of more than 10000 tons per year.
The company produces more than 10 type and 100 varieties of products,
including polyurethane, acrylic, alkyd, epoxy, chlorinated rubber,
high-chlorinated polyethylene paint, etc. In 1997, we were certified by
China Shipping Inspection Bureau and in 1998, received the certification of
ISO 9002 quality systems
fragment 5.
Mader Hungaria Paint Factory Ltd.
Hungary
fragment 6.
The earliest evidence of the use of gamboge comes from eighth century East
Asia. After its arrival in Europe in the seventeenth century, gamboge was
used as a transparent oil color by Flemish painters, but additives such as
resin or wax were necessary to enhance its permanence and durability. The
pigment was also made more usable by mixing it with other yellow pigments
such as lemon yellow or alumnia. Many sources refer to gamboge being used to
make a transparent yellow varnish for the coloring of wood, metals, and
leather.
fragment 7.
Spotless and Alison at the school field trip to the Paint Factory, Spotless
notices a valve left open and leaking paint
fragment 8.
With more than 130 years� of experience, Tikkurila Paints offers decorative
paints for DIY and professional painters. Tikkurila addresses environmental
and quality issues with great care. One example of this is the accredited
quality system of Tikkurila Oy which fulfils the requirements of the
international ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards.
fragment 9.
The Sheboygan Paint Company was started as a co-partnership by William A.
Knilans and E.S. Wheeler in 1921 under the name of Knilans-Wheeler Varnish
Company. A year later Stuart C. Knilans joined his father in the business.
On June 22, 1923, Knilans-Wheeler Varnish Company's name was changed to the
Sheboygan paint Company upon its incorporation. The charter provided for the
buying and selling of paint, varnish, and other merchandise in the firm's
first production facility at the corner of Eighth Street and Erie Avenue.
fragment 10.
HAVANA, February 27 (Cuba Voz) - A Sunday morning fire at a paint factory
warehouse in the outskirts of Havana caused the roof to collapse and
extensive damage to the building, but no personal injuries. Quick action by
the fire department prevented the fire from spreading to adjacent buildings
in the factory formerly known as Kentone. The cause of the fire was not
immediately known.
fragment 11.
LHC stops DC from closing paint factory
Factory owner says closing a factory accused of pollution is the job of
environmental tribunal, not a magistrate
By Jalilur Rehman
LAHORE: The Lahore High Court has recently admitted a petition seeking trial
of cases dealing with air and environmental pollution by an environmental
tribunal.
The petition filed by Abdul Hameed, owner of a chemical-producing factory on
the GT Road near Okara, has contested the area magistrate's authority to
close the factory. "The trial of a smoke-emitting factory should be
conducted by an environmental tribunal on the report of a government agency
set up under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997," the counsel
for the petitioner said.
fragment 12.
Di Maria's paint factory, primary national producer of hydropainting has
decided to increase his own support for the restoration's works of Massimo
theatre in occasion of its next reopening of the 12th of may.
The company supplied his own advice for the realization of the originary
special paint carrying out and supplying it free of charge both for all
access area and for the first two boxes'rowes. Now the company has decided
to spread his own intervention with the supply of a special paint for the
rest of the boxes'rowes and for the gallery.
fragment 13.
The principal source of cobalt used in this preparation in Europe during the
Middle Ages appearing to be the mineral smaltite, one of the skutterudite
mineral series. IN the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries other associated
cobalt minerals were probably used as well (erythrite and cobaltite). The
cobalt ore was roasted and the cobalt oxide obtained was melted together
with quartz and potash or added to molten glass. When poured into cold
water, the blue melt disintegrated into particles, and there were ground in
water mills and elutriated. Several grades of smalt were made according to
cobalt content and grain size. The quality of color was marked by F(fine):,
M(medium), and O(ordinary), and the coarse grades receives the label
H(high), and were called in Saxony, Streublau, which means literally blue to
be strewn.. There were other grades they were given as well. In the complex
ores in Saxony, as they were first roasted, much of the arsenic was
volatilized. The oxides of cobalt, nickel and iron were then melted together
with siliceous sand, and the resulting product called Zaffre or Zaffera
were, in part, sold to potters and glassmakers. The rest of the product was
used instead of potash. A violet tint was obtained. Smalt was a European
invention, credited to Christoph Schurer, a Bohemian glassmaker in the mid
sixteenth century, though it was available a century before as it has been
traced to two paintings from the fifteenth century, and is also suspected to
have been used much earlier in the Near East.
fragment 14.
Paint factory, Sigma Coatings, located in the port area in Amsterdam with a
plant in Uithoorn is to merge with the world's largest manufacturer of
construction materials, French company Lafarge. The combination will become
one of the three largest decorative coatings companies for construction and
DIY in Western Europe. Sigma has recently opened a brand new distribution
centre in the Amsterdam port area
fragment 15.
Madder lake was made from the European madder root, Rubia tinctorum. Since
the 1850s (approximately) it has been made synthetically-- under the name
alizarin-- with an identical chemical composition to madder but with a
superior clear transparent tone and lightfastness. By manipulating these
chemicals, a range of shades has been made from scarlet to ruby.
fragment 16.
Brief Chronology of Recent Activities to Study and Clean-Up the Residues Of
the former Henry Wood's Sons Company 1975-1982
Soils samples from waste pigment piles collected and analyzed. The testing
showed high levels of residual metals. Exposed pigment piles covered, an
earth berm constructed around a former settling basin, and a fence and
warning signs installed.
fragment 17.
Paint Factory Industrial Pumps
Back Air operated diaphragm pumps are the preferred method of pumping in
paint factories because of the inherent safety. The flammable properties of
paint require any possibility of electrical sparking to be completely
isolated, hence air operated diaphragms are a suitable solution for this.
The 2 inch metallic AOD pump from Wilden is suitable for this application
and capable of handling flows up to 780 L/min. Materials of construction
include aluminium, cast iron, 316 stainless steel and Hastelloy C with a
variety of elastomer options.
These pumps can also be used in de-watering, paper manufacture, clayslip
pumping and many other demanding pumping applications
fragment 18.
Once it gets into the human system, it stays there until the body's
tolerance level is met, and then becomes symptomatic. Medieval writers warn
against the dangers of apoplexy, epilepsy, and paralysis, that come with
exposure to it. What we don't know about the process of making white lead,
is whether the final product is a definite compound or an accidental
mixture. Regardless, its importance has been unmeasurable, and is the only
material that has been consistently used from ancient times until the
present. The monopoly in lead white production was not broken until the
nineteenth century, when zinc oxide became a competitor, and in the
twentieth century, it has been almost completely replaced by titanium
dioxide, which is superior to lead in some properties, and unlike zinc
oxide, has the strong covering ability that lead white possesses. Since
white in painting is the equivalent of light in nature, it has been
essential to every aspect of painting: from flesh to skies, and so on.
Because of its capacity to absorb x-rays, it is the lad white in European
paintings that makes them visible through x-rays. It was also used on
occasion in wall painting, tempera works on paper, and silk in early periods
in China and Japan, even though lime white reproduced from calcination of
the shells of mollusks had a wide use there.
fragment 19.
Hangzhou paint factory was established in 1956 and it is one of the
nation's important producers of paint with fourteen kinds of paints
20,000 tons yearly capacity. It covers an area of 92651 square meters
including advanced facilities and technique.
fragment 20.
Welcome to Pigments through the Ages. Come explore how artists have colored
our lives.
Artists, like the your girl at right, have always used pigments in their
paints, but it is surprising how many ways pigments affect us.
If you looked with a microscope, your would discover that paintings and
other painted objects really consist simply of pigments suspended in a
substance - like chips in a chocolate chip cookie. The "substance" can vary,
from oil or egg yolk in paintings, to plaster in frescos, or sophisticated
plastics in automobile finishes. Moroverm there are many interesting
relationships between pigments (the focus of this exhibit) and dyes, and
even with the "visual pigments" found in our own eyes
