*Honey's Nutritional Profile  *

Honey is a source of simple carbohydrates. Its composition on average, is
17.1 percent water, 82.4 percent total carbohydrate and 0.5 percent
proteins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. The average carbohydrate
content is mainly fructose (38.5 percent) and glucose (31percent). The
remaining 12.9 percent of carbohydrates is made up of maltose, sucrose and
other sugars.



*Source of Energy*

As a carbohydrate, honey supplies energy at 64 calories per tablespoon,
providing fuel to working muscles. A limited study at the University of
Memphis Exercise and Sports Nutrition Laboratory found honey to be one of
the most effective forms of carbohydrate gels to ingest just prior to
exercise. According to Dr. Richard Kreider, the study’s lead investigator,
“honey appears to be a carbohydrate source that is relatively mild on its
effects upon blood sugar compared to other carbohydrate sources.” Continuing
research is examining the effects of honey in comparison to different types
of carbohydrate gels prior to weightlifting on the effect on glucose,
insulin and markers of protein breakdown.



Other limited studies performed in Dr. Kreider’s lab have shown that honey
may comprise half of the secret to post-workout recuperation. Many
post-workout products on the market combine a large amount of carbohydrates
with protein. The most common carbohydrate source used is maltodextrin, a
mildly sweet carbohydrate usually derived from corn. Upon comparison of a
honey-protein vs. a maltodextrin-protein shake taken after a vigorous
weightlifting workout, the honey-protein combination fared as well in
promoting markers of muscle recuperation. The honey group’s blood sugar was
sustained for at least two hours post-workout. “Our data suggest that honey
functions well in all of the aspects associated with post-workout
recuperation and energy repletion. In addition, honey appears to stand out
as perhaps a better source of carbohydrate to ingest with post-workout
protein supplements. These findings support our previous study presented at
the annual Experimental Biology meeting in April 2000,” added Dr. Kreider.



“In addition to promoting muscle recuperation and glycogen [carbohydrates
stored in muscle] restoration, honey-protein combinations also seem well
suited to sustain favorable blood sugar concentrations after training.”







*Vitamins, Minerals and Amino Acids in Every Bite*

Honey contains small amounts of a wide array of vitamins, minerals, amino
acids and antioxidants. The vitamins found in honey may include (depending
on floral variety) niacin, riboflavin and pantothenic acid; minerals present
include calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium
and zinc. Just as the color and flavor of honey varies by floral source, so
does the vitamin, mineral, antioxidant and amino acid content.



*Antioxidants in Honey*

In addition to the nutrients that are involved in normal metabolic activity,
foods contain components that may provide additional health benefits. These
nutrients are referred to as nutraceuticals. Phytochemicals are one broad
category of nutraceuticals found in plants that are actively being
investigated by scientists for their health-promoting potential. Honey has a
phytochemical profile which includes polyphenols that can act as
antioxidants.



Antioxidants perform the role of eliminating free radicals, which are
reactive compounds in the body. Free radicals are created through the normal
process of metabolism and contribute to many serious diseases. Researchers
at the University of Illinois, led by Nicki J. Engeseth, Ph.D. and May R.
Berenbaum, Ph.D., are studying the antioxidant capacity of common honey
varieties.



*Honey’s Antimicrobial Properties and Benefits to Wound Healing*

The use of honey as a wound dressing goes back to ancient times and has now
been ‘rediscovered’ by modern medicine, according to Dr. Peter Molan of the
University of Waikato, New Zealand. “It is a common observation in the many
reports in medical journals that numerous benefits result from using honey
to dress wounds,” says Dr. Molan. The antibacterial properties of honey may
help clear infection in wounds, and the anti-inflammatory action of honey
may reduce pain and may improve circulation which hastens the healing
process. According to Dr. Molan, “Honey stimulates the re-growth of tissue
involved in healing, making healing faster and reducing scarring.”

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