In article <local.mail.freebsd-net/[EMAIL PROTECTED]> you 
write:
>Thank you very much for your kindly advise.
>
>>The system timer ticks at a rate of 100 Hz on all IA32 processors.  (I
>>believe on Alphas it ticks at 1024 Hz but I may be imagining it.)
>>Thus, the period is either 10 ms or 0.98 ms.
>>
>>In historic versions of FreeBSD, most TCP timers ticked at 2 Hz while
>>the others ticked at 5 Hz.  This was changed in advance of FreeBSD
>>4.0.
>
>I see.
>Anyway, it seems to be difficult that estimating RTT, RTO within a LAN
>envirounment (such as Gigabit connection).
>Of course, this time scale may be valid for general internet envirounment.
>I'll study more.

The math for RTT calculations is explained somewhere in Van Jacobsen's
congestion avoidance & control paper, I believe.  The equations have 
since been modified slightly since then, but give the basic idea.
--
Jonathan


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