Jonathan Noack wrote:
On 5/9/2005 12:31 PM, Pete French wrote:
5.3 ships with SMP turned on, which makes lock operations rather
expensive on single-processor machines. 4.x does not have SMP
turned on by default. Would you be able to re-run your test with
SMP turned off?
I just ran a test here with SMP turned of on 5.4-RC4 (GENERIC) I got the
following result:
67.52 real 41.13 user 26.16 sys
7034 involuntary context switches
i.e. it still has system time a a huge proportion of the total compared
to the 4.11 kernel. Interesingly, after reading Holger Kipp's results
I tried it on a genuine multi-processor box with SMP enabled running 5.3.
He got a very small percentage of the time in sys (3.51 out of 81.90) but
I got:
255.30 real 160.20 user 88.50 sys
Once again a far higher proprtion of the time spent in sys than you would
expect.
I ran into a similar issue when attempting to thread a card game solver
program I wrote. Performance in early versions was horrific and I
noticed tons of context switches. I resolved the issue by allocating
pools of memory beforehand. This seems to point the finger to malloc
and context switch overhead.
In any case, I believe this is related to threading. Check your results
with libthr instead. The following are on my 2.53 GHz P4 which is
running CURRENT from last night (with INVARIANTS on).
I have benchmarks from other programs that show that process scope
threads in libpthread are extremely slow, while system scope threads
a much much faster. The new libthr is even faster, but I'd consider
it very experimental at this time. It is possible to build a version
of libpthread that uses only system scope threads, look in
/usr/src/lib/libpthread/Makefile for a comment block that talks about
it.
David Xu is actively working on libthr and I'm hoping that it matures
over the next few months and becomes a viable alternative. However,
I'd also like to see libpthread get fixed. The performance problems
point to the UTS being extremely inefficient, and there are reports
that it does at least one syscall for every thread switch. Since the
whole point of KSE/SA is to avoid syscalls on thread switches, the
problem might be an obvious one, thought the solution might not be. The
kernel side of KSE also does a malloc on every upcall, which again is
highly inefficient for process scope threads. The solution here seems
to be fairly simple, it just needs someone to sit down for a few hours
and work on it.
Scott
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