The available VGA cards to emulate in QEMU are:

> $ qemu-system-i386 -vga help
> none                 no graphic card
> std                  standard VGA (default)
> cirrus               Cirrus VGA
> vmware               VMWare SVGA
> xenfb                Xen paravirtualized framebuffer
> qxl                  QXL VGA
> qemu-system-i386: type is NULL
> qemu-system-i386: type is NULL
> virtio               Virtio VGA


Here are the definitions: (from the man page)

> -vga type
>        Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for type are
>
>        cirrus Cirrus  Logic  GD5446  Video  card.  All Windows versions
>               starting from Windows 95 should recognize  and  use  this
>               graphic  card. For optimal performances, use 16 bit color
>               depth in the guest and the host OS. (This  card  was  the
>               default before QEMU 2.2)
>
>        std    Standard  VGA  card  with  Bochs  VBE extensions. If your
>               guest OS supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g.  Win‐
>               dows XP) and if you want to use high resolution modes (>=
>               1280x1024x16) then you should use this option. (This card
>               is the default since QEMU 2.2)
>
>        vmware VMWare  SVGA-II  compatible  adapter.  Use it if you have
>               sufficiently recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows  guest
>               with a driver for this card.
>
>        qxl    QXL  paravirtual  graphic card. It is VGA compatible (in‐
>               cluding VESA 2.0 VBE support). Works best with qxl  guest
>               drivers  installed  though. Recommended choice when using
>               the spice protocol.
>
>        tcx    (sun4m only) Sun TCX framebuffer.  This  is  the  default
>               framebuffer  for sun4m machines and offers both 8-bit and
>               24-bit colour depths at a fixed resolution of 1024x768.
>
>        cg3    (sun4m only) Sun cgthree framebuffer. This  is  a  simple
>               8-bit  framebuffer  for  sun4m machines available in both
>               1024x768 (OpenBIOS) and 1152x900 (OBP) resolutions  aimed
>               at people wishing to run older Solaris versions.
>
>        virtio Virtio VGA card.
>
>        none   Disable VGA card.


The VGA cards that are applicable to the DOS era are 'cirrus' (16 bpp)
or 'std' (the new default). You can use 'vmware' but there's no real
benefit over 'std'. Same for 'virtio'.

I just ran a manual test with all of the "vga" display options with
qemu-system-i386 on my Linux desktop, booting FreEDOS and then
immediately playing Flpybird. Not surprisingly, 'xenfb' and 'none' do
not boot FreeDOS at all. :-) These others worked with Flpybird: 'std'
'cirrus' 'vmware' and 'qxl' (but 'virtio' doesn't completely fill the
screen, leaving a gap at the top and bottom).


From "VGA and other display devices in qemu"
<https://www.kraxel.org/blog/2019/09/display-devices-in-qemu/> (2019)

virtio vga:

> This is a modern, virtio-based display device designed for virtual
> machines. It comes with VGA compatibility mode. You need a guest driver to
> make full use of this device. If your guest OS has no driver it should
> still show a working display thanks to the VGA compatibility mode,
> but the device will not provide any advantages over standard VGA then.
>
> This device has (optional) hardware-assisted opengl acceleration
> support. This can be enabled using the virgl=on property, which in turn
> needs opengl support enabled (gl=on) in the qemu display.
>
> This device has multihead support, can be enabled using the max_outputs=2
> property.
>
> This device has no dedicated video memory (except for VGA compatibility),
> gpu data will be stored in main memory instead. Therefore this device
> has no config options for video memory size.


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