Yes, that helps.

> I guess you have 'PasswordAuthentication yes' in your default
> sshd_config and ipa-client-install adds
> 'ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes'.

Yes and yes.

> It looks the ChallengeResponseAuthentication is always tried first and
> then PasswordAuthentication. 

Some testing with and without IPA installed says yes.

So this is not a FreeIPA bug. 

In theory, it's a bug that FreeIPA users might be more likely to be exposed to 
(as I was) but I suspect that probably it's not a common issue.

Anyway. 

> If I understand it correctly
> PermitEmptyPasswords is expected to only work properly with
> PasswordAuthentication.

Yes. This certainly seems to be the case - and it's a particularly painful fail.

If ChallengeResponseAuthentication simply ignored PermitEmptyPasswords, that 
would be sensible.

But it doesn't. If PermitEmptyPasswords is set, then 
ChallengeResponseAuthentication ruins the login - it prompts the user for a 
password, and if the password word is correct, it kills the login. The only way 
to login is to deliberately give wrong passwords until 
ChallengeResponseAuthentication gives up and then use PasswordAuthentication to 
login. And it's not obvious that this is a possibility. How my colleague 
discovered that it could be done, I don't know.

> if you really need PermitEmptyPasswords

We don't. I don't know why it was set and, in my opinion, it shouldn't have 
been.

So, we have the most trivially easy of work arounds: "don't do that".

Having said that, it took us a bit of effort to work through the issue, which 
is why I reported it here.

I figured, it's probably not worth fixing, but maybe if other people hit the 
same problem, then they can find this thread and be enlightened. 

I'm not even sure what a good fix would be. 

Comment out "PermitEmptyPasswords yes", if set? 

Abort the install with an explanatory warning? 
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