Hi Rich, And WHO has published this research ? And WHO are these people (and what do they have to do with "Meditation EHAN")? And WHY must we put up with half baked pseudo-science ? Sarbajit
PS: I am asking this because "Physics Essays" (as per their website) seems to have their most "Recent Publication" as Dec 2007. (Vol 20 No. 4) On Tue, Apr 17, 2012 at 8:50 AM, Rich Murray <rmfor...@gmail.com> wrote: > Physicists continue work to abolish time as fourth dimension of space, > Amrit Sorli and Davide Fiscaletti, founders of the Space Life > Institute in Slovenia, Physics Essays 2012.04.03: Rich Murray > 2012.04.16 > > http://phys.org/news/2012-04-physicists-abolish-fourth-dimension-space.html > > April 14, 2012 by Lisa Zyga > > Light clocks A and B moving horizontally through space. > According to length contraction, clock A should tick faster than clock B. > In a new study, scientists argue that there is no length contraction, > and both clocks should tick at the same rate in accordance with > special relativity. > Image credit: Sorli and Fiscaletti. > > (Phys.org) -- Philosophers have debated the nature of time long before > Einstein and modern physics. > But in the 106 years since Einstein, the prevailing view in physics > has been that time serves as the fourth dimension of space, an arena > represented mathematically as 4D Minkowski spacetime. > However, some scientists, including Amrit Sorli and Davide Fiscaletti, > founders of the Space Life Institute in Slovenia, argue that time > exists completely independent from space. > In a new study, Sorli and Fiscaletti have shown that two phenomena of > special relativity -- time dilation and length contraction -- can be > better described within the framework of a 3D space with time as the > quantity used to measure change (i.e., photon motion) in this space. > > The scientists have published their article in a recent issue of Physics > Essays. > The work builds on their previous articles, in which they have > investigated the definition of time as a “numerical order of material > change.” > > The main concepts of special relativity -- that the speed of light is > the same in all inertial reference frames, and that there is no > absolute reference frame -- are traditionally formulated within the > framework of Minkowski spacetime. > In this framework, the three spatial dimensions are intuitively > visualized, while the time dimension is mathematically represented by > an imaginary coordinate, and cannot be visualized in a concrete way. > In their paper, Sorli and Fiscaletti argue that, while the concepts of > special relativity are sound, the introduction of 4D Minkowski > spacetime has created a century-long misunderstanding of time as the > fourth dimension of space that lacks any experimental support. > They argue that well-known time dilation experiments, such as those > demonstrating that clocks do in fact run slower in high-speed > airplanes than at rest, support special relativity and time dilation > but not necessarily Minkowski spacetime or length contraction. > According to the conventional view, clocks run slower at high speeds > due to the nature of Minkowski spacetime itself as a result of both > time dilation and length contraction. But Sorli and Fiscaletti argue > that the slow clocks can better be described by the relative velocity > between the two reference frames, which the clocks measure, not which > the clocks are a part of. > In this view, space and time are two separate entities. > > “With clocks we measure the numerical order of motion in 3D space,” > Sorli told Phys.org. > “Time is 'separated' from space in a sense that time is not a fourth > dimension of space. > Instead, time as a numerical order of change exists in a 3D space. > Our model on space and time is founded on measurement and corresponds > better to physical reality.” > > To illustrate the difference between the two views of time, Sorli and > Fiscaletti consider an experiment involving two light clocks. > Each clock's ticking mechanism consists of a photon being reflected > back and forth between two mirrors, so that a photon's path from one > mirror to the other represents one tick of the clock. > The clocks are arranged perpendicular to each other on a platform, > with clock A oriented horizontally and clock B vertically. > When the platform is moved horizontally at a high speed, then > according to the length contraction phenomenon in 4D spacetime, clock > A should shrink so that its photon has a shorter path to travel, > causing it to tick faster than clock B. > But Sorli and Fiscaletti argue that the length contraction of clock A > and subsequent difference in the ticking rates of clocks A and B do > not agree with special relativity, which postulates that the speed of > light is constant in all inertial reference frames. > They say that, keeping the photon speed the same for both clocks, both > clocks should tick at the same rate with no length contraction for > clock A. > They mathematically demonstrate how to resolve the problem in this way > by replacing Minkowski 4D spacetime with a 3D space involving Galilean > transformations for three spatial coordinates X, Y, and Z, and a > mathematical equation (Selleri's formalism) for the transformation of > the velocity of material change, which is completely independent of > the spatial coordinates. > > Sorli explained that this idea that both photon clocks tick at the > same rate is not at odds with the experiments with flying clocks and > other tests that have measured time dilation. > This difference, he says, is due to a difference between photon clocks > and atom-based clocks. > “The rate of photon clocks in faster inertial systems will not slow > down with regard to the photon clocks in a rest inertial system > because the speed of light is constant in all inertial systems,” he > said. > “The rate of atom clocks will slow down because the 'relativity' of > physical phenomena starts at the scale of pi mesons.” > > He also explained that, without length contraction, time dilation > exists but in a different way than usually thought. > “Time dilatation exists not in the sense that time as a fourth > dimension of space dilates and as a result the clock rate is slower,” > he explained. > “Time dilatation simply means that, in a faster inertial system, the > velocity of change slows down and this is valid for all observers. > GPS confirms that clocks in orbit stations have different rates from > the clocks on the surface of the planet, and this difference is valid > for observers that are on the orbit station and on the surface of the > planet. > So interpreted, 'time dilatation' does not require 'length > contraction,' which as we show in our paper leads to a contradiction > by the light clocks differently positioned in a moving inertial > system.” > > He added that the alternative definition of time also agrees with the > notion of time held by the mathematician and philosopher Kurt Gödel. > “The definition of time as a numerical order of change in space is > replacing the 106-year-old concept of time as a physical dimension in > which change runs,” Sorli said. “We consider time being only a > mathematical quantity of change that we measure with clocks. > > This is in accord with a Gödel view of time. > By 1949, Gödel had produced a remarkable proof: > 'In any universe described by the theory of relativity, time cannot exist.' > > Our research confirms Gödel's vision: > time is not a physical dimension of space through which one could > travel into the past or future.” > > In the future, Sorli and Fiscaletti plan to investigate how this view > of time fits with the broader surroundings. > They note that other researchers have investigated abolishing the idea > of spacetime in favor of separate space and time entities, but often > suggest that this perspective is best formulated within the framework > of an ether, a physical medium permeating all of space. > > In contrast, Sorli and Fiscaletti think that the idea can be better > modeled within the framework of a 3D quantum vacuum. > Rather than viewing space as a medium that carries light, light's > propagation is governed by the electromagnetic properties (the > permeability and permittivity) of the quantum vacuum. > > “We are developing a mathematical model where gravity is a result of > the diminished energy density of a 3D quantum vacuum caused by the > presence of a given stellar object or material body,” Sorli said. > “Inertial mass and gravitational mass have the same origin: diminished > energy density of a quantum vacuum. > This model gives exact calculations for the Mercury perihelion > precession as calculations of the general theory of relativity.” > > More information: Amrit Sorli and Davide Fiscaletti. “Special theory > of relativity in a three-dimensional Euclidean space.” Physics Essays: > March 2012, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 141-143. DOI: > 10.4006/0836-1398-25.1.141 > © 2012 Phys.Org > > Physics Essays > March 2012, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 141-143 > $ 25 to access for 30 days > > Journal Information > ISSN 0836-1398 > Frequency > Quarterly > > Register for a Profile > Not Yet Registered? > > Benefits of Registration Include: > A Unique User Profile that will allow you to manage your current > subscriptions (including online access) > > The ability to create favorites lists down to the article level > > The ability to customize email alerts to receive specific > notifications about the topics you care most about and special offers > Register Now! > > Full-text PDF > Article Citation: > > Amrit Sorli and Davide Fiscaletti (2012) > Special theory of relativity in a three-dimensional Euclidean space. > Physics Essays: March 2012, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 141-143. > doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-25.1.141 > Special theory of relativity in a three-dimensional Euclidean space > > Amrit Sorli a) and Davide Fiscaletti b) > Space Life Institute, > Gorenja Trebuša 79, > Slap ob Idrijci 5283, Slovenia > > Abstract: > > In the 20th century, physicists have understood space and time as > being coupled into a space-time manifold, a fundamental arena in which > everything takes place. > Space-time was considered to have three spatial dimensions and one > temporal dimension. > Out of the experimental facts, one can conclude that time t we measure > with clocks is only a numerical order of duration of motion, i.e. > material change in a three-dimensional space. > This view allows description of electromagnetic phenomena in a > three-dimensional Euclidean space. > > Résumé: > Au cours du 20ème siècle, la physique comprenait l'espace et le temps > comme étant jumelés en “espace-temps” variés, une arène fondamentale > où tout prend place. > On croyait espace-temps avoir trois dimensions spatiales et une > dimension temporelle. > À partir des données expérimentales on peut conclure que le temps t -- > mesuré au moyen d'horloges -- n'est qu'un ordre numérique de durée de > motion, c'est-à-dire changement matériel dans un espace > tridimensionnel. > Ce point de vue rend possible la description de phénomènes > électromagnétiques dans un espace d'Euclide tridimensionnel. > > Key words: Space-Time, Space, Time, Numerical Order of Motion, Photon > > Received: October 5, 2011; Accepted: January 13, 2012 ;Published > Online: April 3, 2012 > > a) so...@spacelife.si > b) fiscale...@spacelife.si > > ============================================================ > FRIAM Applied Complexity Group listserv > Meets Fridays 9a-11:30 at cafe at St. John's College > lectures, archives, unsubscribe, maps at http://www.friam.org
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