OK, folks.... I have to admit I got carried away by my free-associations on psychiatry in the 19th century. It's time for me to get into Bill Clinton mode and do some "damage containment" before this day's unlucky [Kenneth] star[r]s get me. There can be little question that, if Karl Marx had truly "gone nuts", the chances of anything helpful happening to him would likely have been small to none, unless Engels was a greater man than I would guess, or unless someone familiar with Marx's biography can find a rabbit in a hat. So what should we make of Das Kapital, on the *hypothesis* that Marx was a lunatic (which he probably was not)? I think in that case, Das Kapital would constitute another of those rare but remarkable documents which comprise the still little known archipelago of the rare voices of madness which spoke truth and which, in recent years, are slowly being recovered. These documents are, in a way, probably historically inconsequential, since they did not change history. But they may be inspirations for us nonetheless. The book to start with is (again, citing amazon.com:): > The Seduction of Madness[, by Edward M. Podvoll, M.D.] > Availability: This title is out of print, but if you > place an order we may be able to find you a used > copy within 1-3 months. > > Published by Harperperennial Library > Publication date: August 1991 > ISBN: 0060160292 Just as Judge Schreber's writings tell us the truth about an at the time fairly influential pedagogue (Schreber's father...), Das Kapital *could* still tell the truth about capitalism even if Marx (probably counterfactually) was nuts. Yes, there were things going on in the area of the [largely proto-?]psychiatry in the 19th century, but the distribution of approaches to the treatment (or/and lack of same...) of "lunatics" in 1870 may, for most of the sufferers' practical purposes, have indeed amounted to "no psychology or psychairitry in the time's that Marx lived". On the other hand, I would not want to "bet the business" on a mad Marx being fortunate enough to have been treated by Harold Searles, Heinz Kohut or Masud Khan in 1970, instead of by some duly licensed quack who would have "fried his brain" and thus have "saved" the world from ever hearing his voice. I apologize for "getting carried away", and the excuse I have to offer is an ever growing conviction that mania is often the result of the frustration of persons' fundamentally good and reasonable hopes and desires to get their own needs met and to contribute into their social world. Now on to Hardin, whom I said I haven't read recently. Instead of making assertions, I should have asked questions: (1) Does Hardin make any arguments against the possibility of rational collective social administration of the common goods which are mankind's shared inheritance from nature and our forebears (e.g., humanistic socialism)? (2) Doesn't Hardin's article directly attack and refute the notion that laissez-faire capitalism can be justified as a constructive way of organizing society? (3) Does Hardin make *any* recommendations in his article? Again, I apologize for postng before I'd *thought* through what I *felt* was (feel is...) important (etc.). \brad mccormick -- Mankind is not the master of all the stuff that exists, but Everyman (woman, child) is a judge of the world. Brad McCormick, Ed.D. / [EMAIL PROTECTED] (914)238-0788 / 27 Poillon Rd, Chappaqua, NY 10514-3403 USA ------------------------------------------------------- <!THINK [SGML]> Visit my website ==> http://www.cloud9.net/~bradmcc/