Arthur,
 
Though this article probably takes too much off of the shoulders of the Feds and the White House, who absolutely had a lot to do with the compromising physical planning of the N.O. coastal areas and the unconscionable withholding of relief efforts, it certainly presents the case for also distributing responsibility locally and statewide. The most economic and readily available deployment of buses, whether school or public transport, was overlooked almost as if by design. I say this because this very simple procedure was part of the city's/state's emergency planning documents. When I first learned that the buses had not been used, I was astonished. Too obvious a need for a government that should be saving lives. I wondered, when I heard about the evacuation, what plans were in place for the infirm and the poor, having heard of none on the news reports, and learned--again incredulously, that there were none. As if by design. Then after the ensuing days of flooding, the White House refused out-of-country aid, which Canada was ready and able to provide at once, and the U.S. has been slow/unable to issue on its own. We were shown that the US government prefers that its own flood victims die off rather than accept the offered hand of a neighbour (who may report to the rest of the world the extent of chaos and catastrophe within the US). To be sure, survivors would not vote for Bush again. But, fewer survivors means less costly ensuing law suits and compensation. The stench at the W.H. rather overpowers its own miscreation.
 
I don't think we can even imagine what this collective criminal negligence is going to unveil. Economic impact can be guessed at, but social and civil unrest is going to be huge. An entire very important cultural base has been badly hit. New Orleans was an intoxicating and well-loved place, despite the tourist traps and high crime, and I'm very sad to think it's been allowed to be destroyed. Yet its ghostly presence pales beside the avoidable human and animal losses, the individuals, families and entire communities allowed to be drowned. Even the long dead from within its antique mausoleums--a cherished characteristic of the area--are now disturbed and co-mingle with the estimated 40,000 bodies expected (perhaps not an exagerated estimate if one considers fragile health of the survivors, civil unrest to come, disease setting in) by the Mortuary Operational Response Team, a volunteer arm of the Dept. of Homeland Security.
 
Hearing that an entire rest home of thirty people perished leads me to the question of why the care-providers, doctors, nurses, etc. could not have found space in their SUV's for at least one patient under their care. Same goes for the hospital staffs. I wonder if such actions should not become mandatory under these conditions. I realize some patients would not have been able to be moved, but most could have been saved. Fear of law suits or reprisals from the Health Dept.?? Possibly told that buses/help was on its way? Lots of questions. Put faith in government or common sense?
 
Heaven forbid that the aid not come in by way of donations and supplies, given the US White House is ill-prepared/unwilling to handle its own infra-structural damages, but will any less, as a result of Katrina, be spent on Defense, Iraq or Afghanistan?  It sickens me to hear that, when Bush was asked whether the oil refineries would be expected to contribute to the relief efforts, he replied that the best thing is for people to donate to the Red Cross, thereby avoiding any expenditures on the part of corporate America who profitted by physically endangering N.O. underground and wetlands areas in the first place..
 
If FEMA is given even more power (hope you read my forwarded posting from FromTheWilderness.com yesterday) what chance does the citizenry have of correcting the disproportionate distributions of tax dollars and its very future along with that? I can't help but agree with Michael Rupert when it comes to the need for extreme caution when considering what absolute powers the Feds may further confer upon FEMA/Homeland Security, be they Dem's or Republicans. On a local scale, I can imagine the sheer number of bureaucracies that need dismantling to begin to function as one efficient and caring unit.
 
Natalia Kuzmyn 
 
 
 
 
 
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----- Original Message -----
Sent: Wednesday, September 07, 2005 8:27 AM
Subject: [Futurework] Katrina and responsibilities

plenty of blame to go around.  written by a former state legislator.

 

Blame Amid the Tragedy

By Bob Williams
6 September 2005
The Wall Street Journal
A28

As the devastation of Hurricane Katrina continues to shock and sadden the nation, the question on many lips is, Who is to blame for the inadequate response?

As a former state legislator who represented the legislative district most impacted by the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, I can fully understand and empathize with the people and public officials over the loss of life and property.

Many in the media are turning their eyes toward the federal government, rather than considering the culpability of city and state officials. I am fully aware of the challenges of having a quick and responsive emergency response to a major disaster. And there is definitely a time for accountability; but what isn't fair is to dump on the federal officials and avoid those most responsible -- local and state officials who failed to do their job as the first responders. The plain fact is, lives were needlessly lost in New Orleans due to the failure of Louisiana's governor, Kathleen Blanco, and the city's mayor, Ray Nagin.

The primary responsibility for dealing with emergencies does not belong to the federal government. It belongs to local and state officials who are charged by law with the management of the crucial first response to disasters. First response should be carried out by local and state emergency personnel under the supervision of the state governor and his/her emergency operations center.

The actions and inactions of Gov. Blanco and Mayor Nagin are a national disgrace due to their failure to implement the previously established evacuation plans of the state and city. Gov. Blanco and Mayor Nagin cannot claim that they were surprised by the extent of the damage and the need to evacuate so many people. Detailed written plans were already in place to evacuate more than a million people. The plans projected that 300,000 people would need transportation in the event of a hurricane like Katrina. If the plans had been implemented, thousands of lives would likely have been saved.

In addition to the plans, local, state and federal officials held a simulated hurricane drill 13 months ago, in which widespread flooding supposedly trapped 300,000 people inside New Orleans. The exercise simulated the evacuation of more than a million residents. The problems identified in the simulation apparently were not solved.

A year ago, as Hurricane Ivan approached, New Orleans ordered an evacuation but did not use city or school buses to help people evacuate. As a result many of the poorest citizens were unable to evacuate. Fortunately, the hurricane changed course and did not hit New Orleans, but both Gov. Blanco and Mayor Nagin acknowledged the need for a better evacuation plan. Again, they did not take corrective actions. In 1998, during a threat by Hurricane George, 14,000 people were sent to the Superdome and theft and vandalism were rampant due to inadequate security. Again, these problems were not corrected.

The New Orleans contingency plan is still, as of this writing, on the city's Web site, and states: "The safe evacuation of threatened populations is one of the principle [sic] reasons for developing a Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan." But the plan was apparently ignored.

Mayor Nagin was responsible for giving the order for mandatory evacuation and supervising the actual evacuation: His office of Emergency Preparedness (not the federal government) must coordinate with the state on elements of evacuation and assist in directing the transportation of evacuees to staging areas. Mayor Nagin had to be encouraged by the governor to contact the National Hurricane Center before he finally, belatedly, issued the order for mandatory evacuation. And sadly, it apparently took a personal call from the president to urge the governor to order the mandatory evacuation.

The city's evacuation plan states: "The city of New Orleans will utilize all available resources to quickly and safely evacuate threatened areas." But even though the city has enough school and transit buses to evacuate 12,000 citizens per fleet run, the mayor did not use them. To compound the problem, the buses were not moved to high ground and were flooded. The plan also states that "special arrangements will be made to evacuate persons unable to transport themselves or who require specific lifesaving assistance. Additional personnel will be recruited to assist in evacuation procedures as needed." This was not done.

The evacuation plan warned that "if an evacuation order is issued without the mechanisms needed to disseminate the information to the affected persons, then we face the possibility of having large numbers of people either stranded and left to the mercy of a storm, or left in an area impacted by toxic materials." That is precisely what happened because of the mayor's failure.

Instead of evacuating the people, the mayor ordered the refugees to the Superdome and Convention Center without adequate security and no provisions for food, water and sanitary conditions. As a result people died, and there was even rape committed, in these facilities. Mayor Nagin failed in his responsibility to provide public safety and to manage the orderly evacuation of the citizens of New Orleans. Now he wants to blame Gov. Blanco and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. In an emergency the first requirement is for the city's emergency center to be linked to the state emergency operations center. This was not done.

The federal government does not have the authority to intervene in a state emergency without the request of a governor. President Bush declared an emergency prior to Katrina hitting New Orleans, so the only action needed for federal assistance was for Gov. Blanco to request the specific type of assistance she needed. She failed to send a timely request for specific aid.

In addition, unlike the governors of New York, Oklahoma and California in past disasters, Gov. Blanco failed to take charge of the situation and ensure that the state emergency operation facility was in constant contact with Mayor Nagin and FEMA. It is likely that thousands of people died because of the failure of Gov. Blanco to implement the state plan, which mentions the possible need to evacuate up to one million people. The plan clearly gives the governor the authority for declaring an emergency, sending in state resources to the disaster area and requesting necessary federal assistance.

State legislators and governors nationwide need to update their contingency plans and the operation procedures for state emergency centers. Hurricane Katrina had been forecast for days, but that will not always be the case with a disaster (think of terrorist attacks). It must be made clear that the governor and locally elected officials are in charge of the "first response."

I am not attempting to excuse some of the delays in FEMA's response. Congress and the president need to take corrective action there, also. However, if citizens expect FEMA to be a first responder to terrorist attacks or other local emergencies (earthquakes, forest fires, volcanoes), they will be disappointed. The federal government's role is to offer aid upon request.

The Louisiana Legislature should conduct an immediate investigation into the failures of state and local officials to implement the written emergency plans. The tragedy is not over, and real leadership in the state and local government are essential in the months to come. More importantly, the hurricane season is still upon us, and local and state officials must stay focused on the jobs for which they were elected -- and not on the deadly game of passing the emergency buck.

---

Mr. Williams is president of the Evergreen Freedom Foundation, a free market public policy research organization in Olympia, Wash.


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