Pete,

Yes, I'm sure you're right about the mayhem to come as fossil fuel prices go upwards.

But the price rise has only been relatively recent as we approached peak oil production. During the industrial revolution, we've been slung-shot to our present condition in three distinct phases of dramatic price reductions. First we had the timber-to-coal transformation in the 18th and 19th centuries, then we had oil from about 1880, then we had natural gas from about 1970.

Coal was the main factor in the economic rise of Western Europe; domestic oilfields was the major factor in the rapid rise of America; and gas is the main reason for the increasing political clout of several Middle East countries (and central Asia and Russia). (They also have their own internal problems of their people wanting our prosperity but being resisted by the Islamic clerisy -- so far! That's something we can't help them with, even with our experience of getting free from religious control in Europe.)

Not only were coal, oil and gas increasingly efficient thermodynamically (their potential chemical energy being 'purer', as it were) but they were cheaper to mine! Coal has to be hard-mined (using substantial energy); oil can be drilled out (with far less energy) and gas (for the most part) simply has to be captured. No wonder each phase was developed far faster than the previous one. No wonder the West and America have been so prosperous -- even throwing in the extra cost of many major wars and massive asset destruction!

Nuclear power as a major constituent of tomorrow's energy is going nowhere (because no private insurer will cover the possible risks of wide-scale development) and, so far, wind-power and solar energy require massive government subsidies. Besides, none of these alternatives also supplies the basic organic feedstock for nitrogenous fertilizers, drugs, plastics, etc which fossil fuels do. So, for probably the next two centuries, we will still have to rely on fossil fuels -- coal, tar sands, deep oil shales -- which will be a great deal more expensive than oil and gas.

However, I don't see any direct link between the price of fossil fuels in the future and inflation. The price of energy -- relative to materials -- will certainly rise enormously in future years. But not necessarily its ticket price. That depends on how much paper money governments print. If they printed the same as now (that is, didn't go deeper into debt and only printed to replace unusable bank-notes) then we (the average Western consumer) would have the same income but able to buy fewer and fewer consumer goods relative to basic necessities.

That, of course, couldn't happen without violent revolution, so governments will have to continue inflating the money supply so that our adjustment to higher prices of energy and high-energy goods can be more drawn out. It will mean that the 50-fold devaluation of paper currencies of the past century will continue apace. Governments will continue to borrow. Prices will go higher and as far as the shopping basket is concerned we would have to reverse the steps in ownership of consumer goods that we took from about the 1750s -- in ownership of goods -- to about now.

I happen to think that we will, in fact, develop satisfactory biological systems for making energy and basic chemical goods directly from sunlight. Craig Venter and many other researchers in many parts of the world are hard at work developing synthetic bacteria that can do this. A minimal bacterium that can produce hydrogen is probably not far distant.

But the infrastructure of biological systems that will be large enough to take over the role of present-day fossil fuels as they diminish will take many decades if not a century or two. And, considering the land areas and pure water supplies that will be needed, a sufficiently large biological infrastructure can't be done if we maintain our present world population. Thankfully, however, there are distinct signs that family size is fast diminishing, even among Third World rural populations who are fast pouring into the cities where family size (for as yet unelucidated reasons) goes down dramatically.

Keith

At 13:02 04/06/2010 -0700, you wrote:

I rather think that in some aspects, we already have a world currency,
in the form of energy, and particularly oil. At least, it will behave
that way, in as much as when the recession recovery progresses to a
resumed increase in the demand for oil, and collision with the
inelastic supply results in immediate rise in oil price, we will
probably see $500/barrel in a fairly short time. As oil energy is an
intrinsic component of pretty much every good and service in the global
economy, all prices will consequently reflect the oil cost, and the
effect will be an inflation rate hard linked to the rising oil price.
There is nothing anyone can do in any field which can block this
inevitability. The other half of this rapidly approaching future is the
plateauing and subsequent decline in absolute global economic output,
in simple correspondence with the plateau and decline in the delivery of
oil, despite the spiking price. This will all combine to produce a
new economic dynamic whose overall character I can't yet begin to wrap
my brain around, one which has only had a few previous instances, as
for instance the collapse of Easter Island. I rather think it will take
some pretty impressive and inspired actions to prevent things from
becoming pretty ugly over the next three decades.

 -Pete V


On Fri, 4 Jun 2010, Keith Hudson wrote:

> China is never likely to become a democratic country -- at least, via the
> method that we in the West have espoused in the last 200 years whereby
> political parties have only retained, or regained, power by offering bribes
> to this or that part of the electorate every time there's an election.
>
> All Western governments are now so deeply in debt that only someone with no
> mathematical ability whatsoever could believe that there's any way out via
> taxation -- of our children and grandchildren as well as ourselves.
> Politicians tell us that we could grow ourselves out of the present
> impasse, but that's strictly for punters. Unfortunately, there are another
> billion people in the world with a far stronger work ethic than ourselves
> who are making most of the consumer goodies today and prospering
> therefrom.  Sooner or later, a period of inflation leading to
> hyper-inflation will ensue that will reduce everyone's debts -- most of
> all, governments'.
>
> This wheeze is so much on the cards that some voices are already being
> raised against the likelihood of politicians adopting it. The Deputy
> Governor of the Bank of England, Charles Bean,  said yesterday that it
> would be "severely misguided" because "a bit of inflation has a nasty habit > of turning into a lot of inflation". Well, we don't need him to tell us. We
> all know that. But does he -- or any intelligent person -- think that
> politicians will be able to keep in power without more Quantitative Easing,
> more money printing, more inflation?  So that politicians still have money
> to bribe us with?
>
> Those who have saved money will be hammered. Those in debt will have been
> rewarded. But no matter, the overall experience will have been beneficial.
> Once new national currencies have been established -- as always happens
> after hyperinflation -- then lessons will have been learned and, for about
> a generation, individuals and governments will practise good housekeeping.
> That, at least, has been the repeated experience of several countries in
> Europe. But then, politicians re-learn the trick of offering bribes and the
> process starts all over again.
>
> This is not to say that the Chinese system of selecting politicians from
> above -- not electing them -- will necessarily fare any better. They, too
> -- with their Tiananmen Square experience recently behind them -- are as
> aware as Western politicians that people have got to be kept sweet.
> Otherwise -- particularly in these days of mobile phones -- people in their
> tens of thousands might gather in the streets and . . . well  . .  simply
> walk into parliamentary buildings and take over as they did in Georgia in
> 2003 (the Rose Revolution).
>
> The Chinese system of governance may not succeed either. But in terms of
> historical experience and tradition it's somewhat more likely to. After
> all, they've had a system which has been in existence on and off for about
> 10 times longer than Western electioneering  -- ever since Confucius in
> 500BC. Indeed, it may even be in their genes. A long-standing culture,
> itself becoming an important part of the environment which shapes genes,
> may have had a slight selective effect on the Chinese character.
>
> At least Bruce Lahn thinks so. One of the leading geneticists in the world,
> Chinese born but researching in America as well as in China, thinks that
> the Chinese trait of deference and the high status of scholarship in their
> country might be quite significant. He took a lot of political flak for
> suggesting this in 2005 and, because the feedback was so aggressive,
> decided to put brain gene research behind him to concentrate in other areas.
>
> I am pretty certain that, sooner or later, the sort of electioneering we
> have in the West today -- really only an extension of little boys fighting
> in the school playground -- has got to give way to something similar to
> Western civil services of about a century ago -- when they genuinely
> believed in public service. Similar, in fact, to the Chinese system. We
> need a marriage between experts and public opinion. We need some sort of
> tiered arrangement (but not too many) between local focus groups and
> competitive debate between those fairly rare individuals who really do have
> a high regard for intellectual understanding of problems and not scoring
> off one another as politicians do.
>
> I wrote a paper about this some 30 years ago when I was a member of the
> original organizing committee of the Social Democratic Party in the UK
> during its brief existence.  I was carried away at the time by something
> David Owen (now Lord Owen) had said at the time about the need for a
> completely new method of selecting governments. I tried to put some clothes > on it. Unfortunately, this vigorous new idea got lost when the SDP combined > with the Liberals and produced a fudge. I then resigned (and, incidentally,
> so did Owen) and I took no further interest in active politics.
>
> But I'm pretty certain that something like this will develop in due course,
> once we've been through hyperinflation and, hopefully, a non-outbreak of
> war between America and China. Whether it will develop faster in the West
> or the East remains to be seen. Perhaps, once America and China have agreed > a new world currency between them, some of their political scientists might
> start meeting together and make proposals that they can present to their
> respective governments.
>
> Keith Hudson, Saltford, England

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