I need to interject a study in your conversation - the Carolina Abcedarian Project (http://www.fpg.unc.edu/~abc/ <http://www.fpg.unc.edu/%7Eabc/> begun in 1972 (if memory serves). A control group of 54 infants (matched in terms of demographics and risk factors) were followed for the duration of the study. ). This project placed 57 infants (randomly selected from a larger pool of 'at-risk' children in an experimental education-enhancement programOne result that strikes me as particularly relevant to your discussion is that by age 10, the control group children showed an average IQ of 77, but the experimental group showed an average IQ of 115. Once the intervention ended, IQs gradually declined such that by age 21, there was only a very slight difference remaining between the two groups. This suggests that the environment may be far more important to intelligence (whatever it is and however it's measured) in the long run than genetics - most populations appear to have comparable genetic potential in this area. The determining factor seems to be early childhood environment. With this in mind, I'd like to ask both Ed and Keith (and any interested others) if they are aware of any cultural differences between Eastern European Jews and other Western societies - particularly as they may relate to child-rearing practices and the community's support for pregnant women and young children. The website mentioned above can provide relevant references in the literature, or if you're interested, I can provide a few references as well.

Very interesting conversation!

Barry

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