Tom,
The NOx and CO ambient levels make the engine exhaust testing irrelevant,
which is my point. As an example to put an engine/generator in service under
EPA rules, the NOx must be below 3 ppm which may be below ambient, so that no
one can operate an IC engine and compete with power companies.
I mean high carbon yield as char is high in carbon and reflects poor
conversion efficiency. Ash is ash and if good ash, low in carbon.
We have not conducted specific tar analysis but have testing by Cummins in
1983 showing acceptable engine cleanliness after operation.
Sincerely,
Leland T. "Tom" Taylor
Thermogenics Inc.
+001-505-463-8422
www.thermogenicx.com
Skype: ltt.invent
-----Original Message-----
From: Tom Miles <[email protected]>
To: 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'
<[email protected]>
Sent: Sun, Apr 23, 2017 11:52 am
Subject: Re: [Gasification] SPAM: Re: SPAM: Re: Naphthalene Condensate Photos,
GAST methodology
What are your target gas quality numbers? Can you meet them?
You likely mean high ash/char yield, rather than high carbon yield.
Do you have data showing the impact of ambient NOx or CO on engine missions?
From: Gasification [mailto:[email protected]] On
Behalf Of l
Sent: Sunday, April 23, 2017 9:19 AM
To: [email protected]
Subject: SPAM: Re: [Gasification] SPAM: Re: Naphthalene Condensate Photos, GAST
methodology
Which data? Caterpillar isn't excited about produced gas operating engines? Not
sure how I do that.
Sincerely,
Leland T. "Tom" Taylor
Thermogenics Inc.
+001-505-463-8422
www.thermogenicx.com
Skype: ltt.invent
-----Original Message-----
From: Tom Miles <[email protected]>
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
<[email protected]>
Sent: Sat, Apr 22, 2017 11:04 pm
Subject: Re: [Gasification] SPAM: Re: Naphthalene Condensate Photos, GAST
methodology
Can you show us some data?
T R Miles Technical Consultants Inc.
[email protected]
Sent from mobile.
On Apr 22, 2017, at 9:51 PM, l <[email protected]> wrote:
One of the major reasons Caterpillar won't get heavily involved in producer gas
engines is the naphthalene issue. One group that had an operating power plant
for a municipality would operate their engines for a few hundred hours and the
valves would begin knocking and the V-12 engine would have to have a valve job.
ir
It is fairly easy to fix if one knows the properties of the gas. We do it
as a matter of course as it doesn't make any sense to offer a system that has
to have the engine rebuilt periodically. One engine manufacturer will not
guarantee their engine unless it meets their strict standards.
As to the GAST report, I read some of it and some of the procedures can
easily be improved such as measuring the air inlet flow using a typical
mass:flow meter out of a car that is extremely accurate and can provide
continuous monitoring. In the program we use for our systems, it automatically
calculates the inlet air flow rate and with settable or automatic monitoring
inputs such as temp, humidity, can provide continuous and accumulated air mass
input.
There are also methods of measuring gas composition, to much better detail
than is now being used. Fixed gases such as the usual by either GC or specific
gas analyzers do not show the condensable gases such as ethanol, methanol,
acetone, acetic acid, napthalene of course, and other compounds that may affect
engine operation for the better or worse. The same system could be used for
engine exhaust measuring of say formaldehyde, carcinogens, and everything
except PAH and particulate.
None of the gasifiers monitored are as efficient as we would like to see in
our designs. High carbon yield in the char/ash residue is an admission of the
inefficiencies present.
As another note, virtually all emission testing is flawed because if the
inlet air has a few ppm of NOx or CO, the output is going to be biased upward
this amount and none of the EPA testing protocols take ambient air quality into
account.
Sincerely,
Leland T. "Tom" Taylor
Thermogenics Inc.
+001-505-463-8422
www.thermogenicx.com
Skype: ltt.invent
-----Original Message-----
From: Doug <[email protected]>
To: 'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'
<[email protected]>
Sent: Sat, Apr 22, 2017 5:39 pm
Subject: [Gasification] Naphthalene Condensate Photos
Naphthalene in Producer Gas
Hi Gasification Colleagues,
Reading through the Italian Paper on gasifier monitoring in South Tyrol, the
reference to Naphthalene caught my eye, because as a light pyrolysis oil, after
dry filtration and condensation, I have only seen this in gas in the Northern
hemisphere. Looking like yellow oil floating on aqueous condensate, exposed to
air when tipped onto a concrete surface, it just completely vaporizes leaving
only a carbon trace of stain. It makes a good mess inside pipes and diaphragm
regulators and if being combusted in a flare or oxidation chamber, will add to
the emissions from the stack. The bottom line is that we don't want this in our
producer gas for either engine or combustion applications, but once condensed,
it's very hard to clean out of the gas.
My questions to any one who might have some similar experience, is why
Naphthalene may not show up in small gasifiers under say 100m3/hr, yet becomes
a issue as the gas output increases from a larger system. I have observed this
formation in N.Ireland and California and definitely related to just higher
output. Could it be related to the amount or volume of the unstable pyrolysis
gas in the fuel hopper? Can this create a chemistry that can survive an
incandescent char bed, but reform as Naphthalene in the gas reduction phase?
I can assure you that it isn't about tar or bad design, as our bed analysis and
pressure drop continuous monitoring has not shown bridging or channeling to be
the culprit. Black tars are never present, nor is CH4 as Methane (<2%), so bed
temperatures are not an issue, nor moisture content of the fuels (wood chips or
blocks). Char under the grate is dry and clean, as is the <10 micron dust from
the cyclones.
The photos show two samples from a larger system, one a first stage cooling
containing ash and carbon with a purple colour from the ash. The second bag
from the cooling condenser is yellow from the Naphthalene which did increase
with more gas output . The square container is completely clear and comes from
the Fluidyne Pacific Class gasifier (90m3/hr) and it has always made clear
condensate in both hemispheres except when incorrectly fueled. It has not been
possible to test larger gasifiers of our own design here in New Zealand, hence
the questions.
Any discussion would be appreciated.
Doug Williams,
Fluidyne.
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