The code
------------------------
MODULE test
     TYPE vertex
           INTEGER :: k
     END TYPE vertex
CONTAINS
     SUBROUTINE S1()
         TYPE(vertex) :: a
         vertex : DO i=1,2
         ENDDO vertex
     END SUBROUTINE
END MODULE test
------------------------
is invalid Fortran code, but
  gfortran -std=f2003 -c -W -Wall label.f90
accepts it without any error or warning.

Short reasoning (by Richard Main): 
"Both ["type(vertex)", label "vertex:"] are class 1 local identifiers.
Actually, almost everything is a class 1 local identifier.
See the list of them in c16.
You can't have 2 different class 1 entities with the same identifier"

See for the longer discussion:
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.fortran/browse_frm/thread/a869ba11f828f208/6b95093a4a9bf34a#6b95093a4a9bf34a


-- 
           Summary: No warning/error for duplicate construct name
           Product: gcc
           Version: 4.2.0
            Status: UNCONFIRMED
          Severity: normal
          Priority: P3
         Component: fortran
        AssignedTo: unassigned at gcc dot gnu dot org
        ReportedBy: tobias dot burnus at physik dot fu-berlin dot de


http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29232

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