https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66220
--- Comment #2 from David Malcolm <dmalcolm at gcc dot gnu.org> --- Thanks. I ran into a variant of this whilst testing -Wmisleading-indentation on the linux kernel, where a preprocessor macro conditionalizes the "if/else"; here's the test case I reduced it to: /* This variant of K&R-style formatting (in the presence of conditional compilation) shouldn't lead to a warning. Based on false positive seen with r223098 when compiling linux-4.0.3:arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_glue.c:aesni_init. */ void fn_36 (void) { #if 1 /* e.g. some configuration variable. */ if (flagA) { foo(0); foo(1); foo(2); } else #endif { foo(3); foo(4); foo(5); } foo(6); /* We shouldn't warn here. */ } I have a fix for this, by requiring that the visual column of the guard ("else") be <= that of the stmts, which works for all of the testcases (including the new ones I posted as https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-patches/2015-05/msg01846.html ), apart from fn_15: #define FOR_EACH(VAR, START, STOP) for ((VAR) = (START); (VAR) < (STOP); (VAR++)) /* { dg-message "36: ...this 'for' clause, but it is not" } */ void fn_15 (void) { int i; FOR_EACH (i, 0, 10) /* { dg-message "3: in expansion of macro" } */ foo (i); bar (i, i); /* { dg-warning "statement is indented as if it were guarded by..." } */ } #undef FOR_EACH which then fails to report the warning due to it using the location of the "for" in the defn of macro FOR_EACH. Fixing that will require some reworking on how we handle macro expansions.